https://www.stadtwiki-strausberg.de/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA 2026-06-17T03:10:48Z Versionsgeschichte dieser Seite in Stadtwiki Strausberg MediaWiki 1.33.1 https://www.stadtwiki-strausberg.de/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=28621&oldid=prev 2026-06-04T08:52:29Z

<p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="de"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Nächstältere Version</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Version vom 4. Juni 2026, 08:52 Uhr</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Zeile 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Zeile 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A systematic review including data of 114 patients of which the majority was intoxicated due </del>to SCRA <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">smoking revealed </del>that <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">45 % </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </del>patients <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">who present at </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ER after an intoxication due to </del>SCRA <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">smoking recovered within 24 hours</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Figure 1. &lt;br&gt;Each training session lasted a maximum </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">10 min</del>, and the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rats could earn up to 20 food pellets. Thirty minutes prior to </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">training sessions, rats received an injection </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">either vehicle or Δ9</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">THC and were subsequently placed in </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">behavior</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">testing chambers, where food </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">45</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mg food pellets; Bio</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Serve, Frenchtown, NJ</del>) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was available as a reinforcer for every ten responses (FR10) on a designated injection appropriate lever. A houselight was centered over </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">hopper close to </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ceiling and was illuminated only when the levers were active. Each dose range included doses that were without effect to those producing at least 50% depression compared to vehicle control. Twenty</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">four male Sprague</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Dawley rats were obtained from Envigo (Houston</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">TX). Male ND4 Swiss–Webster mice were obtained from Envigo (Houston, TX) at approximately 8 weeks of age and maintained in the University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC) animal facility for two weeks prior to testin</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Tremors were observed in </del>mice <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">30 minutes following 1 mg/kg AMB-FUBINACA in </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">present study. Pretreatment times and dose ranges for the drug discrimination assay were selected based on the time </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">peak depression in </del>the locomotor activity <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">assay in mice. Average potency </del>of the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">discriminative stimulus effects of early compounds </del>was <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">0</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">81±0.17 mg/kg (Gatch et al</del>., <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2014), whereas </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">potency of a recent set was 0.09±0.03 </del>mg/kg <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(Gatch et al., 2018</del>)<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </del>and the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">potency </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the current set is 0</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">05±0.01 mg/kg</del>. Short-onset, short-acting compounds have a greater abuse liability, and long-acting compounds pose problems of long-acting adverse effects and interactions with other drugs. The duration of action of the synthetic cannabinoids tested using the 8-h protocol have varied widely, with some producing a duration of action no longer than 1 h, others producing a duration of action between 1–2 h, and others lasting more than 2 h. There seems to be a trend of newer synthetic cannabinoids being more potent than earlier <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">compound&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;A limitation </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">this case report </del>is <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">that we did not have a urine sample available </del>for <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">additional NPS testing</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Point-of-care DOA tests using urine to screen for misuse of multiple substances</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">regularly include cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine, opioids, benzodiazepines and methadone</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">THC, methamphetamine, SRCA, lysergic acid diethylamide </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">LSD), gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB</del>) and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ketamine are likely to become volatile under the temperature </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">current e-cigarettes, while crack cocaine is hard to vaporise</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A systematic review including data of 114 patients of which the majority was intoxicated due to SCRA smoking revealed that 45 % of the patients who present at the ER after an intoxication due to SCRA smoking recovered </del>within <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">24 hours </del>.&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Data availability </del>&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Moreover, a study conducted in </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">United Kingdom investigated components of e-liquids in 112 samples originating from prisoners</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">teenagers and test purchases </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">commercially available e</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cigarettes taken between 2014 </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2021 . This is </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first case report that describes the toxicological symptoms of vaping ADB</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">BUTINACA. Results of the DOA test (including </del>testing <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">for amphetamines</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">methamphetamines</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">barbiturates</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">benzodiazepines, cocaine, methadone, opioids, cannabis, tricyclic antidepressants</del>) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">were </del>available <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">within 30 minutes and were all negative. We report </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">case of an involuntary intoxication of the SCRA ADB-BUTINACA after vaping. There are several pitfalls in the detection of SCRA in samples taken from the patien</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4. Drugs </del>&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In general, the locomotor depressant and discriminative stimulus effects have been observed at </del>doses <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">that do not produce adverse effects, although tremors </del>were <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">observed upon handling in mice that received JWH-210 (Gatch et al</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, 2016), and 5F</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">AMB produced sustained vocalization and convulsions in rats (Gatch et al., 2018). All of the synthetic cannabinoids tested in the present study fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-THC. Subsequently, a </del>one-way analysis of variance <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was conducted on horizontal activity counts for the 30-min period of maximal effect, and planned comparisons were conducted for each dose against the vehicle control using single degree-of-freedom F tests</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A two</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">way analysis of variance, with dose as a between groups factor and time as a within subject factor, </del>was <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">conducted on horizontal activity counts</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">10 min interval</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Locomotor activity in mice was tested to screen </del>for <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">locomotor depressant effects and to identify behaviorally-active dose ranges and times of peak effect. Previous studies have demonstrated that these compounds have chemical structures similar to synthetic cannabinoids known to have substantial abuse liability and act at </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CB1 receptor.</del>&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Michael B Gatch </del>&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Substantial depressant effects were observed within </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first 10 </del>min<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">maximal depression was observed between 0–30 min following </del>administration. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Tremors were observed 30 minutes following 1 mg/kg AMB-FUBINACA in 3 of 8 mice (data not shown). Substantial depressant effects were observed within </del>the first <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">10 min</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and maximal depression was observed between 10–40 min and lasted up to 2.5 to 3 h at </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ adb butinaca] highest dose tested </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">0.</del>5 mg/kg).&lt;br&gt;Figure 1. &lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">There is indication that at least some </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the first-generation synthetic cannabinoids act at receptors other than cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 (Wiley et al., 2016)</del>, and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a compound from </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">present study, 5F-MDMB-PINACA, was found </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">activate midbrain dopamine neurons, but not serotonin neurons (Asaoka et al</del>., <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2016). As previously mentioned, all </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the compounds tested </del>in the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">present study (MDMB</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PINACA</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CHMICA, MDMB</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FUBINACA</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ADB-FUBINACA</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and AMB-FUBINACA</del>) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">act </del>as <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">agonists at CB1 receptors </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Banister et al., 2015, 2016; Gamage et al., 2018</del>)<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, which suggests these compounds will produce Δ9-THC-like effects, including abuse liability</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Tremors were not observed following AMB-FUBINACA during </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">drug discrimination study, but </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">maximum dose tested </del>was only <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">0</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1 mg/kg, which is 10-fold lower than the </del>dose that <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">produced tremors </del>in the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mice.&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gat</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">As synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRA) are gaining popularity globally, clinicians have </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">understand that intoxication caused by vaping </ins>SCRA <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">is not detected by commonly available tests. He confirmed </ins>that <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">he had been vaping an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) earlier that day just before the onset </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">his symptoms. Metabolic acidosis (1/3, 0/7) and respiratory acidosis (1/3, 0/7), All 10 </ins>patients <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">recovered with supportive care, including intubation and ventilation for one case. In 3 cases ADB-BUTINACA was </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">only substance detected, while in seven other substances of misuse were also detected including other </ins>SCRA<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, opioids, benzodiazepines cocaine and pregabali</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The locomotor activity assay was used to identify approximate time courses and dose ranges </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">psychoactive effects</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">which is useful for identifying parameters for drug discrimination experiments </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">are also predictive of the time course of </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">psychoactive effects in human user&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Despite all negative results in </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">point-</ins>of-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">care test for recreational drugs, </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">flight mass spectrometry </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">LC</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">QTOF</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MS</ins>) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">analysis showed that </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">liquid of </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">e</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cigarette contained ADB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">BUTINACA</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a synthetic cannabinoi</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Some </ins>mice <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">showed abnormal behaviors (catalepsy, loss of traction, convulsion) right after </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">administration </ins>of the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">tested substances. The </ins>locomotor activity of the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mice </ins>was <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">measured 30 min and 2 hrs after the last substance administration</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">We also examined their neurotoxicity using brain samples through histopathological diagnose, especially in the nucleus accumbens core region</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In histopathological analysis</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">neural cells of the animals treated with </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">high dose (5 </ins>mg/kg) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of JWH-081 or JWH-210 showed distorted nuclei </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">nucleus membranes in </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">core shell </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">nucleus accumbens, suggesting neurotoxicity</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;Table of Conten&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;4</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Drugs &lt;br&gt;</ins>Short-onset, short-acting compounds have a greater abuse liability, and long-acting compounds pose problems of long-acting adverse effects and interactions with other drugs. The duration of action of the synthetic cannabinoids tested using the 8-h protocol have varied widely, with some producing a duration of action no longer than 1 h, others producing a duration of action between 1–2 h, and others lasting more than 2 h. There seems to be a trend of newer synthetic cannabinoids being more potent than earlier <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">compounds. All </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the compounds tested in the present study depressed locomotor activity as </ins>is <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">typical </ins>for <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">other synthetic cannabinoids (see review by Wiley et al</ins>., <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2017)</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Average horizontal activity counts/10 min as a function of time </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">10 min bins</ins>) and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">dose. Depressant effects </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">33 mg/kg were observed </ins>within <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">10 min following administration and peak depressant effects were observed between 0–30 min</ins>.&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Michael B Gat&lt;br&gt;</ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Thirty minutes prior to </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">training sessions</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rats received an injection </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">either vehicle or Δ9</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">THC </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">were subsequently placed in </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">behavior</ins>-testing <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">chambers</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">where food (45-mg food pellets; Bio-Serve</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Frenchtown</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">NJ</ins>) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was </ins>available <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">as a reinforcer for every ten responses (FR10) on </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">designated injection appropriate leve</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Effects of individual </ins>doses were <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">compared to the vehicle control value using a priori contrasts</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Response</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rate data were analyzed by </ins>one-way <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">repeated-measure </ins>analysis of variance. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Percent drug</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">appropriate responding </ins>was <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">shown only if at [https:/</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cannabinoidsrc4f-adb</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">com/ 5CL ADBA powder] least three rats completed the first fixed ratio, whereas all rats are shown </ins>for the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">response rate dat&lt;br&gt;</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A total of 2 and 3 methamphetamine treated mice fell from </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">spinning rod 30 </ins>min and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2 hr after the </ins>administration<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, respectively</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">After </ins>the first <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">injection</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">6 mice of </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">positive control group </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">methamphetamine, </ins>5 mg/kg<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, i.p.</ins>) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">showed loss of traction, of which 4 showed tremor</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Most of the abnormalities were normalized in synthetic cannabinoid treated mice although those abnormal behaviors remained in methamphetamine treated animals after 2 hr of administration. Brain samples were prepared from the mice after the last administration of test substance&lt;br&gt;</ins>&lt;br&gt;Figure 1. &lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Each training session lasted a maximum </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">10 min</ins>, and the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rats could earn up </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">20 food pellets</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Thirty minutes prior to the training sessions</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rats received an injection </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">either vehicle or Δ9-THC and were subsequently placed </ins>in the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">behavior</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">testing chambers</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">where food (45</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mg food pellets; Bio</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Serve</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Frenchtown</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">NJ</ins>) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was available </ins>as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a reinforcer for every ten responses </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FR10</ins>) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">on a designated injection appropriate lever</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A houselight was centered over </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">hopper close to </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ceiling and </ins>was <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">illuminated </ins>only <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">when the levers were active</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Each </ins>dose <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">range included doses </ins>that <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">were without effect to those producing at least 50% depression compared to vehicle control. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained from Envigo (Houston, TX). Male ND4 Swiss–Webster mice were obtained from Envigo (Houston, TX) at approximately 8 weeks of age and maintained </ins>in the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC) animal facility for two weeks prior to testin</ins></div></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key stadtwiki:diff::1.12:old-28616:rev-28621 --> </table>

ScarlettCagle66 https://www.stadtwiki-strausberg.de/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=28616&oldid=prev 2026-06-04T08:50:44Z

<p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="de"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Nächstältere Version</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Version vom 4. Juni 2026, 08:50 Uhr</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Zeile 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Zeile 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">total of 2 and 3 methamphetamine treated mice fell from the spinning rod 30 min and 2 hr after the administration, respectively. After the first injection, 6 mice of the positive control group (methamphetamine, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) showed loss </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">traction, </del>of which <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4 showed tremor. Most of </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">abnormalities were normalized in synthetic cannabinoid treated mice although those abnormal behaviors remained in methamphetamine treated animals after 2 hr of administration. Brain samples were prepared from the mice after the last administration of test substance&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;LC separates the urine or blood sample and QTOF-MS provides high-resolution and accurate mass measurements for precise identification and structural elucidation of compounds. The LC-QTOF-MS method offers a more comprehensive and sensitive approach for drug detection, covering hundreds of recreational drugs, including NPS. Besides increasing the temperature </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">enlarge the drug aerolisation and bioavailability, one can elevate the flow rate </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">air through </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">e-cigarette and/or add a diluent . Of all e-cigarette users registered at this forum, 7.8 % vaped SCRAs . About 15 % of individuals registered at forums for drug users such as erowid.org </del>who <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vaped cannabis have also vaped SRCAs. SCRAs belong, together with synthetic opioids, cathinones, amphetamines and hallucinogens to the new psychoactive substances (NPS) that are currently developed </del>at <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">high speed.&lt;br&gt;Data availabili&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Although there were reports on </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">metabolism of 4F-MDMB-BINACA using in-vivo and various in-vitro models, studies were either conducted using small in-vivo sample size such as 1 to 4 samples [5, 29] or in closed environments such as forensic psychiatric wards and prisons . The hepatic cell line HepG2 is often used as </del>an <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">initial screen as it is known to produce high reproducibility results with relatively stable enzyme concentration, although they are limited by the low-level expression of several metabolizing enzymes, including the cytochrome P450 (CYP) class of proteins [17, 18]. In-vitro metabolism studies are generally used to complement these data using perfused organs, tissue or cell cultures and microsomal preparations amongst which pooled human liver microsomes (HLM) have been frequently used to elucidate metabolism of SCBs [12,13,14,15,16]. Since most SCBs are found extensively in metabolized forms in urine, the identification of metabolites is of vital importance for forensic and clinical toxicologists. Identifying SCB intake and its correlating specific adverse effects require rapid elucidation of these SCBs. The proliferation of SCBs has become a global challenge as new compounds are rapidly introduced into the illegal drug market </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">evade existing drug laws.&lt;br&gt;Fig. </del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Figure 1. &lt;br&gt;Each training session lasted a maximum of 10 min, and the rats could earn up to 20 food pellets. Thirty minutes prior to the training sessions, rats received an injection of either vehicle or Δ9-THC and were subsequently placed in the behavior-testing chambers, where food (45-mg food pellets; Bio-Serve, Frenchtown, NJ) was available as a reinforcer for every ten responses (FR10) on a designated injection appropriate lever. A houselight was centered over the hopper close to the ceiling and was illuminated only when the levers were active. Each dose range included doses that were without effect to those producing at least 50% depression compared to vehicle control. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained from Envigo (Houston, TX). Male ND4 Swiss–Webster mice were obtained from Envigo (Houston, TX) at approximately 8 weeks of age and maintained in the University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC) animal facility for two weeks prior to testin&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Observation item 1st injection 2nd injection 3rd injection 4th injection 5th injection Con. All groups treated with tested synthetic cannabinoids showed decreased weight gain rate </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a dose</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">dependent manner</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A total </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5 </del>mice <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JWH-081 (5 </del>mg/kg, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">i</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">p</del>.) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">treated group </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">6 mice in </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">com/ mouse click the next article] JWH-210 (5 </del>mg/kg, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">i.p.) treated group showed loss of traction</del>, of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">which 4 </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5 showed tremor, respectively</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Memory retention was measured after </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">memory acquisition was </del>tested <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">as </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">probe trial</del>.&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">About Powder JWH-2</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;In the present study, </del>we <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">performed various methods based on animal behavioral </del>testing <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">including FOB test </del>for <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">general behavioral observation</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rotarod test</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">locomotor activity test for motor function evaluation</del>, and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">water</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">maze test for learning/memory evaluation. Known for its stability </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">consistent composition</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">this compound </del>is <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">frequently utilized by professionals seeking reliable materials for laboratory-based analytical studies</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In this </del>study, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">histopathological evaluation was performed to confirm </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">possibility </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">neurotoxicity </del>of the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">tested substances by hematoxylin </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">eosin staining method </del>from <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">collected brain samples</del>. In the present study, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">we evaluated </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">neurotoxicity </del>of two <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">synthetic cannabinoids (JWH</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">081 </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JWH</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">210) through observation </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">various behavioral changes </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">analysis </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">histopathological changes using experimental </del>mice <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">with various doses </del>(0.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1, 1, </del>5 mg/kg). <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Selecting powder JWH</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">210 demands careful evaluation </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">purity</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">legality</del>, and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">supplier credibility</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Prices for research</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">grade JWH</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">210 vary significantly based on quantity</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">purity</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and vendor complianc</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">systematic review including data </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">114 patients </ins>of which the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">majority was intoxicated due </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SCRA smoking revealed that 45 % </ins>of the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">patients </ins>who <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">present </ins>at the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ER after </ins>an <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">intoxication due </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SCRA smoking recovered within 24 hours</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Figure 1. &lt;br&gt;Each training session lasted a maximum of 10 min, and the rats could earn up to 20 food pellets. Thirty minutes prior to the training sessions, rats received an injection of either vehicle or Δ9-THC and were subsequently placed in the behavior-testing chambers, where food (45-mg food pellets; Bio-Serve, Frenchtown, NJ) was available as a reinforcer for every ten responses (FR10) on a designated injection appropriate lever. A houselight was centered over the hopper close to the ceiling and was illuminated only when the levers were active. Each dose range included doses that were without effect to those producing at least 50% depression compared to vehicle control. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained from Envigo (Houston, TX). Male ND4 Swiss–Webster mice were obtained from Envigo (Houston, TX) at approximately 8 weeks of age and maintained in the University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC) animal facility for two weeks prior to testin&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Tremors were observed </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mice 30 minutes following 1 mg/kg AMB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FUBINACA in the present study</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Pretreatment times and dose ranges for the drug discrimination assay were selected based on the time </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">peak depression in the locomotor activity assay in </ins>mice<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Average potency of </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">discriminative stimulus effects of early compounds was 0.81±0.17 </ins>mg/kg <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(Gatch et al.</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2014), whereas the potency of a recent set was 0</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">09±0</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">03 mg/kg (Gatch et al., 2018</ins>)<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">potency of the current set is 0.05±0</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">01 </ins>mg/kg<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Short-onset</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">short-acting compounds have a greater abuse liability</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and long-acting compounds pose problems </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">long-acting adverse effects </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">interactions with other drugs</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The duration of action of </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">synthetic cannabinoids </ins>tested <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">using the 8-h protocol have varied widely, with some producing a duration of action no longer than 1 h, others producing </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">duration of action between 1–2 h, and others lasting more than 2 h</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">There seems to be a trend of newer synthetic cannabinoids being more potent than earlier compound</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A limitation of this case report is that </ins>we <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">did not have a urine sample available for additional NPS </ins>testing<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Point-of-care DOA tests using urine to screen </ins>for <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">misuse of multiple substances, regularly include cannabis, amphetamines</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cocaine</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">opioids</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">benzodiazepines </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">methadone. THC, methamphetamine, SRCA, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), gamma</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">hydroxybutyrate (GHB) </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ketamine are likely to become volatile under the temperature of current e-cigarettes</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">while crack cocaine </ins>is <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">hard to vaporise. A systematic review including data of 114 patients of which the majority was intoxicated due to SCRA smoking revealed that 45 % of the patients who present at the ER after an intoxication due to SCRA smoking recovered within 24 hours </ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;Data availability &lt;br&gt;Moreover, a </ins>study <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">conducted in the United Kingdom investigated components of e-liquids in 112 samples originating from prisoners</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">teenagers and test purchases of commercially available e-cigarettes taken between 2014 and 2021 . This is the first case report that describes </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">toxicological symptoms </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vaping ADB-BUTINACA. Results </ins>of the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">DOA test (including testing for amphetamines, methamphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, methadone, opioids, cannabis, tricyclic antidepressants) were available within 30 minutes </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">were all negative. We report a case of an involuntary intoxication of the SCRA ADB-BUTINACA after vaping. There are several pitfalls in the detection of SCRA in samples taken </ins>from <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the patien&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;4</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Drugs &lt;br&gt;</ins>In <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">general, the locomotor depressant and discriminative stimulus effects have been observed at doses that do not produce adverse effects, although tremors were observed upon handling in mice that received JWH-210 (Gatch et al., 2016), and 5F-AMB produced sustained vocalization and convulsions in rats (Gatch et al., 2018). All of the synthetic cannabinoids tested in </ins>the present study <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-THC. Subsequently, a one-way analysis of variance was conducted on horizontal activity counts for the 30-min period of maximal effect</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and planned comparisons were conducted for each dose against </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vehicle control using single degree-</ins>of<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-freedom F tests. A </ins>two-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">way analysis of variance, with dose as a between groups factor </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">time as a within subject factor, was conducted on horizontal activity counts/10 min interval. Locomotor activity in mice was tested to screen for locomotor depressant effects and to identify behaviorally</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">active dose ranges and times </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">peak effect. Previous studies have demonstrated that these compounds have chemical structures similar to synthetic cannabinoids known to have substantial abuse liability </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">act at the CB1 receptor.&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gatch &lt;br&gt;Substantial depressant effects were observed within the first 10 min, and maximal depression was observed between 0–30 min following administration. Tremors were observed 30 minutes following 1 mg/kg AMB-FUBINACA in 3 </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">8 </ins>mice <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(data not shown). Substantial depressant effects were observed within the first 10 min, and maximal depression was observed between 10–40 min and lasted up to 2.5 to 3 h at the [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ adb butinaca] highest dose tested </ins>(0.5 mg/kg).<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;Figure 1. &lt;br&gt;There is indication that at least some of the first-generation synthetic cannabinoids act at receptors other than cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 (Wiley et al., 2016), and a compound from the present study, 5F-MDMB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PINACA, was found to activate midbrain dopamine neurons, but not serotonin neurons (Asaoka et al., 2016). As previously mentioned, all </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the compounds tested in the present study (MDMB-PINACA</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB-CHMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA</ins>, and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">AMB-FUBINACA) act as agonists at CB1 receptors (Banister et al., 2015, 2016; Gamage et al</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, 2018), which suggests these compounds will produce Δ9-THC</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">like effects, including abuse liability. Tremors were not observed following AMB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FUBINACA during the drug discrimination study</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">but the maximum dose tested was only 0.1 mg/kg</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">which is 10-fold lower than the dose that produced tremors in the mice.&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gat</ins></div></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key stadtwiki:diff::1.12:old-28441:rev-28616 --> </table>

ScarlettCagle66 https://www.stadtwiki-strausberg.de/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=28441&oldid=prev 2026-06-01T17:23:41Z

<p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="de"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Nächstältere Version</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Version vom 1. Juni 2026, 17:23 Uhr</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Zeile 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Zeile 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Demographic </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">clinical features are recorded </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">blood and/or urine samples analysed using high-resolution accurate mass liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">work reported in this paper</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Second, we could not 5CLADBA retrieve further detailed information about the e-cigarette that was used by the patient such as the label or </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">region of origin. Whether a recreational drug can be administered via vaping</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">depends on whether the drug becomes volatile under the evaporation temperature </del>of the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">e-cigarette. Of these samples</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">22 contained one or more SCRAs</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">THC was only detected in 11 samples, only one contained cannabidiol and 6 contained a mixture </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">THC and cannabidiol. There is difficulty in finding the right information about the NPS</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">defining their potency and confirmation </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">their existence in e-liquids or urine samples</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;Data availabili&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;All </del>of the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">compounds tested </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the present study depressed locomotor activity as is typical for other </del>synthetic <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cannabinoids (see review by Wiley et al., 2017). Average horizontal activity counts/10 min as a function </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">time (10 min bins) and dose</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Depressant effects of 1.33 mg/kg </del>were <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">observed within 10 min following </del>administration <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and peak depressant effects were [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ 5CLADBA] observed between 0–30 min. Duration </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the locomotor depression increased over dose from 30 min following 0.1 mg/kg to 2.5 h following 1 mg/k&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;In-vitro metabolism studies are generally used to complement these data using perfused organs, tissue or cell cultures and microsomal preparations amongst which pooled human liver microsomes (HLM) have been frequently used to elucidate metabolism of SCBs [12,13,14,15,16</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;LC separates the urine or blood sample and QTOF-MS provides high-resolution and accurate mass measurements for precise identification and structural elucidation of compounds. The LC-QTOF-MS method offers a more comprehensive and sensitive approach for drug detection, covering hundreds of recreational drugs, including NPS. Besides increasing the temperature to enlarge the drug aerolisation and bioavailability, one can elevate the flow rate of air through the e-cigarette and/or add a diluent . Of all e-cigarette users registered at this forum, 7.8 % vaped SCRAs . About 15 % of individuals registered at forums for drug users such as erowid.org who vaped cannabis have also vaped SRCAs. SCRAs belong, together with synthetic opioids, cathinones, amphetamines and hallucinogens to the new psychoactive substances (NPS) that are currently developed at high speed.&lt;br&gt; Data availabili<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; The locomotor activity assay was used to identify approximate time courses and dose ranges of psychoactive effects, which is useful for identifying parameters for drug discrimination experiments and are also predictive of the time course of the psychoactive effects in human user&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;These synthetic cannabinoids act directly at cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors as does Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) found in marijuana, but have different chemical structures unrelated to Δ9-THC, different metabolism, and often greater toxicity (Fantegrossi et al., 2014). Discriminative stimulus effects were tested in rats trained to discriminate Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (3 mg/kg, 30-min pretreatment). 5F-MDMB-PINACA (also known as 5F-ADB, 5F-ADB-PINACA), MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA (also known as FUB-AMB, MMB-FUBINACA) were tested for in vivo cannabinoid-like effects to assess their abuse liabilit&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; Despite the relatively high % peak area ratio and detection in 16/20 urine samples, ester hydrolysis followed by monohydroxylation at the tert-leucine moiety (m/z 366, B8) metabolite was not reported among the 17 urine samples from the forensic psychiatric ward and prison in Haschimi et al.’s study&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;JWH-210 Chemical Powder offers a reliable solution for laboratories seeking a compound that meets stringent requirements. Researchers often require compounds that are consistent and dependable, and this product delivers on both fronts. Whether used in small-scale experiments or larger research projects, the compound maintains its integrity under recommended storage conditions. This ensures ease of handling and precise measurement during laboratory use. Each batch undergoes detailed verification to ensure purity, consistency, and accuracy, making it suitable for controlled experimental environments. This study was supported by a grant (13181MFDS654) of the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Republic of Kore</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Although there were reports on the metabolism of 4F-MDMB-BINACA using in-vivo and various in-vitro models, studies were either conducted using small in-vivo sample size such as 1 to 4 samples [5, 29] or in closed environments such as forensic psychiatric wards and prisons . The hepatic cell line HepG2 is often used as an initial screen as it is known to produce high reproducibility results with relatively stable enzyme concentration, although they are limited by the low-level expression of several metabolizing enzymes, including the cytochrome P450 (CYP) class of proteins [17, 18]. In-vitro metabolism studies are generally used to complement these data using perfused organs, tissue or cell cultures and microsomal preparations amongst which pooled human liver microsomes (HLM) have been frequently used to elucidate metabolism of SCBs [12,13,14,15,16]. Since most SCBs are found extensively in metabolized forms in urine, the identification of metabolites is of vital importance for forensic and clinical toxicologists. Identifying SCB intake and its correlating specific adverse effects require rapid elucidation of these SCBs. The proliferation of SCBs has become a global challenge as new compounds are rapidly introduced into the illegal drug market to evade existing drug laws.&lt;br&gt;Fig.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A total of 2 </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3 methamphetamine treated mice fell from the spinning rod 30 min </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2 hr after </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">administration, respectively</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">After </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first injection</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">6 mice </ins>of the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">positive control group (methamphetamine</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5 mg/kg</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">i.p.) showed loss </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">traction</ins>, of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">which 4 showed tremor</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Most </ins>of the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">abnormalities were normalized </ins>in synthetic <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cannabinoid treated mice although those abnormal behaviors remained in methamphetamine treated animals after 2 hr </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">administration</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Brain samples </ins>were <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">prepared from the mice after the last </ins>administration of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">test substance</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;LC separates the urine or blood sample and QTOF-MS provides high-resolution and accurate mass measurements for precise identification and structural elucidation of compounds. The LC-QTOF-MS method offers a more comprehensive and sensitive approach for drug detection, covering hundreds of recreational drugs, including NPS. Besides increasing the temperature to enlarge the drug aerolisation and bioavailability, one can elevate the flow rate of air through the e-cigarette and/or add a diluent . Of all e-cigarette users registered at this forum, 7.8 % vaped SCRAs . About 15 % of individuals registered at forums for drug users such as erowid.org who vaped cannabis have also vaped SRCAs. SCRAs belong, together with synthetic opioids, cathinones, amphetamines and hallucinogens to the new psychoactive substances (NPS) that are currently developed at high speed.&lt;br&gt;Data availabili&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Although there were reports on the metabolism of 4F-MDMB-BINACA using in-vivo and various in-vitro models, studies were either conducted using small in-vivo sample size such as 1 to 4 samples [5, 29] or in closed environments such as forensic psychiatric wards and prisons . The hepatic cell line HepG2 is often used as an initial screen as it is known to produce high reproducibility results with relatively stable enzyme concentration, although they are limited by the low-level expression of several metabolizing enzymes, including the cytochrome P450 (CYP) class of proteins [17, 18]. In-vitro metabolism studies are generally used to complement these data using perfused organs, tissue or cell cultures and microsomal preparations amongst which pooled human liver microsomes (HLM) have been frequently used to elucidate metabolism of SCBs [12,13,14,15,16]. Since most SCBs are found extensively in metabolized forms in urine, the identification of metabolites is of vital importance for forensic and clinical toxicologists. Identifying SCB intake and its correlating specific adverse effects require rapid elucidation of these SCBs. The proliferation of SCBs has become a global challenge as new compounds are rapidly introduced into the illegal drug market to evade existing drug laws.&lt;br&gt;Fig. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Figure 1. &lt;br&gt;Each training session lasted a maximum of 10 min, and the rats could earn up to 20 food pellets. Thirty minutes prior to the training sessions, rats received an injection of either vehicle or Δ9-THC and were subsequently placed in the behavior-testing chambers, where food (45-mg food pellets; Bio-Serve, Frenchtown, NJ) was available as a reinforcer for every ten responses (FR10) on a designated injection appropriate lever. A houselight was centered over the hopper close to the ceiling and was illuminated only when the levers were active. Each dose range included doses that were without effect to those producing at least 50% depression compared to vehicle control. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained from Envigo (Houston, TX). Male ND4 Swiss–Webster mice were obtained from Envigo (Houston, TX) at approximately 8 weeks of age and maintained in the University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC) animal facility for two weeks prior to testin&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Observation item 1st injection 2nd injection 3rd injection 4th injection 5th injection Con. All groups treated with tested synthetic cannabinoids showed decreased weight gain rate in a dose-dependent manner. A total of 5 mice in the JWH-081 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) treated group and 6 mice in the [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ mouse click the next article] JWH-210 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) treated group showed loss of traction, of which 4 and 5 showed tremor, respectively. Memory retention was measured after the memory acquisition was tested as a probe trial.&lt;br&gt;About Powder JWH-2&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;In the present study, we performed various methods based on animal behavioral testing including FOB test for general behavioral observation, rotarod test, locomotor activity test for motor function evaluation, and water-maze test for learning/memory evaluation. Known for its stability and consistent composition, this compound is frequently utilized by professionals seeking reliable materials for laboratory-based analytical studies. In this study, histopathological evaluation was performed to confirm the possibility of neurotoxicity of the tested substances by hematoxylin and eosin staining method from collected brain samples. In the present study, we evaluated the neurotoxicity of two synthetic cannabinoids (JWH-081 and JWH-210) through observation of various behavioral changes and analysis of histopathological changes using experimental mice with various doses (0.1, 1, 5 mg/kg). Selecting powder JWH-210 demands careful evaluation of purity, legality, and supplier credibility. Prices for research-grade JWH-210 vary significantly based on quantity, purity, and vendor complianc</ins></div></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key stadtwiki:diff::1.12:old-28433:rev-28441 --> </table>

CaroleHoller04 https://www.stadtwiki-strausberg.de/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=28433&oldid=prev 2026-06-01T17:21:16Z

<p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="de"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Nächstältere Version</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Version vom 1. Juni 2026, 17:21 Uhr</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Zeile 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Zeile 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>LC separates the urine or blood sample and QTOF-MS provides high-resolution and accurate mass measurements for precise identification and structural elucidation of compounds. The LC-QTOF-MS method offers a more comprehensive and sensitive approach for drug detection, covering hundreds of recreational drugs, including NPS. Besides increasing the temperature to enlarge the drug aerolisation and bioavailability, one can elevate the flow rate of air through the e-cigarette and/or add a diluent . Of all e-cigarette users registered at this forum, 7.8 % vaped SCRAs . About 15 % of individuals registered at forums for drug users such as erowid.org who vaped cannabis have also vaped SRCAs. SCRAs belong, together with synthetic opioids, cathinones, amphetamines and hallucinogens to the new psychoactive substances (NPS) that are currently developed at high speed.&lt;br&gt;Data availabili<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;The <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">same procedure </del>was <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">then applied </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the mice once every day </del>for <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5 days. It was considered as coordination disturbance when mice fell from </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">test apparatus within 2 min. Mice that remained their position on </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">running apparatus at 10 rpm for at least 2 min were selected for further evaluation.</del>&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Table of Conten</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;Product ions detected </del>at <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">m/z 302, 217, </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">145 </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">B2</del>) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">confirmed that tert-leucine and indazole moieties remained unchanged</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">leading </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the structure elucidation of a hydroxy</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">functional group at the 4-position of the butyl side chain by oxidative defluorination. The product ion m/z 336 </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">loss of methyl ester moiety) further confirmed the presence of dihydroxylated metabolites</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The precursor ion</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">m/z 364 (B14, B5/B6</del>) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">had a loss of 2 Da from m/z 366 indicated further dehydrogenation of the ester hydrolysis plus monohydroxylated metabolites</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The presence of the product ion m/z 320, likely formed from a loss of carbon dioxide, indicated monohydroxylation at the tert</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">leucine in B8 </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">m</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">z 219)</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">butyl side chain in B9 (m/z 145) and indazole moiety in B13 (m/z 161</del>). <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The precursor ion, m/z 350 showed a loss of 14 Da explaining the hydrolysis of methyl ester from 4F</del>-MDMB-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">BINACA.&lt;br&gt;Fig. 2. &lt;br&gt;The precursor ion m/z 396 </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">B10</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">B12/B15</del>) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was 32 Da higher than the parent drug</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4F</del>-MDMB-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">BINACA</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">suggesting the addition of two hydroxy groups. All the below explanations for transformations into metabolites are based on the data shown in Fig. Metabolites were identified according to their precursor ions, product ions</del>, and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fragmentation patterns </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Fig. 1</del>)<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Traditional </del>in-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vivo metabolism studies </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">generate human metabolites of drugs relied heavily on </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">use of whole animal model systems, which are expensive, limited by drug administration amount, influenced by species variation </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">faced by many ethical issues. Eight </del>in<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-vivo metabolites tentatively identified were mainly products of </del>ester hydrolysis <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">with or without additional dehydrogenation, N</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">dealkylation</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">monohydroxylation </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">oxidative defluorination with further oxidation to butanoic acid</del>.&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Fig. 1. </del>&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Monitoring metabolism of synthetic cannabinoid 4F</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB-BINACA via high-resolution mass spectrometry assessed in cultured hepatoma cell line, fungus, [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">com/ 5CL ADBA powder] liver microsomes </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">confirmed using urine samples The threshold for fatal overdose of combined use of SCRAs </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ethanol can be estimated as a little ng/mL (0</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">37–4.1 ng/mL according to </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">reported cases) of SCRA and 1</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5–2.5 g/L </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ethanol. The reported cases </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">reviews of the scientific literature suggest a possible synergistic effect between SCRAs and ethanol, because their combined </del>use <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">clearly increases their toxicity</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The victim died due </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">severe necrotizing pancreatitis </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">acute kidney injury evolving into multi-organ failure 11 days after hospital admission </del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Studies have found no unequivocal synergistic effect between THC </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ethanol at low or moderate ethanol doses [29</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">30], but no data on high doses </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ethanol are available. Given that THC </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ethanol act on the same receptors</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">data on their simultaneous use may yield important insights in this regard.</del>&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Fungus C. elegans </del>&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Concentrations </del>of 4F-MDMB-BINACA in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the postmortem blood samples were 2.50 </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2.34 ng/mL</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">which are </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">line with published data. Although the lethal dose of 4F</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB-BINACA is unknown</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">its concentration </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">postmortem blood samples was found to range between 0.10 </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">90 ng/mL . In SCRA-related cases in which the deceased suffered from heart disease</del>, the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SCRA concentration in the postmortem blood was less than 1 ng/mL . Concentrations </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SCRAs in postmortem cases cover a wide range ; however</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">some reports </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">survival have also been published—even at relatively high blood SCRA concentrations </del>[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">19</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">20&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Taken together </del>these data <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">further confirmed the structure elucidation of B16. The precursor ion m/z 276 (B1) detected</del>, which <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was 74 Da lower than that for the 4F-MDMB-BINACA ester hydrolysis metabolite </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">B22</del>), <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">indicated N-dealkylation </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">B22</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The precursor ion m/z 348 </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">product ion detected at m/z 217 (B2) identified was 2 Da less than the 4F-MDMB-BINACA ester hydrolysis metabolite (B22), indicating oxidative defluorination (loss </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fluorine with addition </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">hydroxy 5CL ADBA powder group</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Demographic and clinical features are recorded and blood and/or urine samples analysed using high-resolution accurate mass liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Second, we could not 5CLADBA retrieve further detailed information about the e-cigarette that was used by the patient such as the label or the region of origin. Whether a recreational drug can be administered via vaping, depends on whether the drug becomes volatile under the evaporation temperature of the e-cigarette. Of these samples, 22 contained one or more SCRAs, THC was only detected in 11 samples, only one contained cannabidiol and 6 contained a mixture of THC and cannabidiol. There is difficulty in finding the right information about the NPS, defining their potency and confirmation of their existence in e-liquids or urine samples.&lt;br&gt;Data availabili&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;All of the compounds tested in the present study depressed locomotor activity as is typical for other synthetic cannabinoids (see review by Wiley et al., 2017). Average horizontal activity counts/10 min as a function of time (10 min bins) and dose. Depressant effects of 1.33 mg/kg were observed within 10 min following administration and peak depressant effects were [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ 5CLADBA] observed between 0–30 min. Duration of the locomotor depression increased over dose from 30 min following 0.1 mg/kg to 2.5 h following 1 mg/k&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;In-vitro metabolism studies are generally used to complement these data using perfused organs, tissue or cell cultures and microsomal preparations amongst which pooled human liver microsomes (HLM) have been frequently used to elucidate metabolism of SCBs [12,13,14,15,16&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</ins>LC separates the urine or blood sample and QTOF-MS provides high-resolution and accurate mass measurements for precise identification and structural elucidation of compounds. The LC-QTOF-MS method offers a more comprehensive and sensitive approach for drug detection, covering hundreds of recreational drugs, including NPS. Besides increasing the temperature to enlarge the drug aerolisation and bioavailability, one can elevate the flow rate of air through the e-cigarette and/or add a diluent . Of all e-cigarette users registered at this forum, 7.8 % vaped SCRAs . About 15 % of individuals registered at forums for drug users such as erowid.org who vaped cannabis have also vaped SRCAs. SCRAs belong, together with synthetic opioids, cathinones, amphetamines and hallucinogens to the new psychoactive substances (NPS) that are currently developed at high speed.&lt;br&gt; Data availabili&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">locomotor activity assay </ins>was <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">used </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">identify approximate time courses and dose ranges of psychoactive effects, which is useful for identifying parameters </ins>for <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">drug discrimination experiments and are also predictive of </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">time course of </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">psychoactive effects in human user</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">These synthetic cannabinoids act directly </ins>at <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cannabinoid CB1 </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CB2 receptors as does Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Δ9-THC</ins>) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">found in marijuana</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">but have different chemical structures unrelated </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Δ9</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">THC, different metabolism, and often greater toxicity </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Fantegrossi et al</ins>., <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2014</ins>). <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Discriminative stimulus effects were tested in rats trained to discriminate Δ9</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">tetrahydrocannabinol </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3 mg</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">kg</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">30-min pretreatment</ins>). <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5F</ins>-MDMB-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PINACA </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">also known as 5F-ADB</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5F-ADB-PINACA</ins>), <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CHIMICA, </ins>MDMB-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FUBINACA</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ADB-FUBINACA</ins>, and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">AMB-FUBINACA </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">also known as FUB-AMB, MMB-FUBINACA</ins>) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">were tested for </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vivo cannabinoid</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">like effects </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">assess their abuse liabilit&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; Despite </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">relatively high % peak area ratio </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">detection </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">16/20 urine samples, </ins>ester hydrolysis <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">followed by monohydroxylation at the tert</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">leucine moiety (m/z 366</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">B8) metabolite was not reported among the 17 urine samples from the forensic psychiatric ward </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">prison in Haschimi et al</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">’s study&lt;br&gt;</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JWH</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">210 Chemical Powder offers a reliable solution for laboratories seeking a compound that meets stringent requirements</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Researchers often require compounds that are consistent </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">dependable, </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">this product delivers on both fronts</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Whether used in small-scale experiments or larger research projects, </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">compound maintains its integrity under recommended storage conditions</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This ensures ease </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">handling </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">precise measurement during laboratory </ins>use. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Each batch undergoes detailed verification </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ensure purity, consistency, </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">accuracy, making it suitable for controlled experimental environments</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This study was supported by a grant (13181MFDS654) of the National Institute of Food </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Drug Safety Evaluation</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ministry </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Food </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Drug Safety</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Republic of Kore&lt;br&gt;</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Although there were reports on the metabolism </ins>of 4F-MDMB-BINACA <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">using </ins>in<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-vivo </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">various in-vitro models</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">studies were either conducted using small </ins>in-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vivo sample size such as 1 to 4 samples [5</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">29] or </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">closed environments such as forensic psychiatric wards </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">prisons </ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The hepatic cell line HepG2 is often used as an initial screen as it is known to produce high reproducibility results with relatively stable enzyme concentration</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">although they are limited by </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">low-level expression </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">several metabolizing enzymes</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">including the cytochrome P450 (CYP) class </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">proteins </ins>[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">17</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">18]. In-vitro metabolism studies are generally used to complement </ins>these data <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">using perfused organs</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">tissue or cell cultures and microsomal preparations amongst </ins>which <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">pooled human liver microsomes </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">HLM</ins>) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">have been frequently used to elucidate metabolism of SCBs [12,13,14,15</ins>,<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">16]. Since most SCBs are found extensively in metabolized forms in urine, the identification of metabolites is </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vital importance for forensic and clinical toxicologists</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Identifying SCB intake </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">its correlating specific adverse effects require rapid elucidation </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">these SCBs. The proliferation </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SCBs has become a global challenge as new compounds are rapidly introduced into the illegal drug market to evade existing drug laws.&lt;br&gt;Fig.</ins></div></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key stadtwiki:diff::1.12:old-28407:rev-28433 --> </table>

CaroleHoller04 https://www.stadtwiki-strausberg.de/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=28407&oldid=prev 2026-06-01T17:12:50Z

<p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="de"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Nächstältere Version</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Version vom 1. Juni 2026, 17:12 Uhr</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Zeile 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Zeile 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The % peak area abundance ratio of metabolites detected in </del>the urine <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">samples are often affected by numerous factors such as </del>drug <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">intake behaviour (intake route</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">amount </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">drug and intake frequency)</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">time from last drug intake and metabolic stability</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This indicated that </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">phase I metabolism of 4F-MDMB-BINACA are unlikely </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">be affected significantly by polydrug intake. Oxidative defluorination with subsequent butanoic acid formation (B17) metabolite</del>, the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">second major metabolite after monohydroxylation in </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">C</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ester hydrolysis with dehydrogenation formed in</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vivo in </del>this <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">study was </del>also <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">reported among other indazole carboxamide type SCBs </del>with <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">tert-leucine methyl ester moieties such as 5F-MDMB-PINACA </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB-4en-PINACA [39, 40]. Similar </del>to the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in-vivo findings, 4F-MDMB-BINACA ester hydrolysis </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">B22</del>) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was the major metabolite for both HepG2 and HLM models, consistent with the known hydrolytic activity of CES reported</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">All of </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">compounds tested in the present study depressed locomotor activity as is typical </del>for <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">other synthetic cannabinoids (see review by Wiley et al</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, 2017). Average horizontal activity counts/10 min </del>as <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a function of time (10 </del>min <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">bins) and dose</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Depressant effects of 1.33 mg/kg were observed within </del>10 min <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">following administration and peak depressant effects </del>were <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ 5CL ADBA powder] observed between 0–30 min. Duration of the locomotor depression increased over dose from 30 min following 0.1 mg/kg to 2</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5 h following 1 mg/k</del>&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;This makes JWH-210 powder one </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the most powerful compounds in its class, often used in incense blends and research settings. Our commitment to quality and customer satisfaction makes us the best place for jwh 210 buy-whether you need it for research, incense blends, or other legal applications. For qualified professionals, investing in high-quality, verified material ensures accuracy, safety, and regulatory compliance. Prioritize vendors providing full analytical validation, transparent documentation, and compliance with international controls. Value is best assessed through consistency, verifiable purity, and regulatory compliance—not cost alon</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4. Drugs </del>&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Short-onset</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">short-acting compounds have a greater abuse liability</del>, and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">long</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">acting compounds pose problems </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">long</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">acting adverse effects and interactions with other drugs</del>. The <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">duration </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">action </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the synthetic cannabinoids tested using the 8-h protocol have varied widely</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">with some producing a duration of action no longer than 1 h</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">others producing </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">duration </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">action between 1–2 h, and others lasting more than </del>2 <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">h</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">There seems to be </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">trend of newer synthetic cannabinoids being more potent than earlier compounds. All </del>of the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">compounds tested </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the present study depressed locomotor activity as is typical for other synthetic cannabinoids </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">see review by Wiley et al.</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2017</del>). <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Average horizontal activity counts</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">10 min as </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">function </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">time (10 min bins) and dose. Depressant effects </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1.33 mg/kg were observed within 10 min following administration and peak depressant effects were observed between 0–30 min</del>.&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Michael B Gat</del>&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;Male ND4 Swiss–Webster mice were obtained from Envigo </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Houston</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">TX</del>) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">at approximately 8 weeks of age and maintained in </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">University </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC) animal facility for </del>two <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">weeks prior to testin&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Test 2 was performed everyday </del>for <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5 days after consecutive administration of </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">substances</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">including negative (vehicle) </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">positive </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">methamphetamine</del>) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">controls</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">After the last administration, the first trial was performed. Morris water maze test was performed </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">evaluate the changes of learning and memory function through administration </del>of the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">test substances. Generally, neurotoxicity </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a substance is evaluated by </del>animal <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">behavioral aspects</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">i.e. functional observation battery (FOB) tests (O’Callaghan et al.</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2014)</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Our results suggest that JWH</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">081 and JWH-210 may 5CL ADBA powder be neurotoxic substances through changing neuronal cell damages</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">especially in the core shell part of nucleus accumbens.&lt;br&gt;About Powder JWH</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Because response suppression may compromise stimulus control</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rats failing </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">complete at least ten responses during the test session were excluded from the analysis of the discriminative stimulus effects of that dose of test compoun</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;§ (3) </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the Hungarian act of Forensic Experts (2016.XXIX)</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the data of the reported case can be utilized freely for scientific and educational purposes without special ethical permission</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">These results indicate that the simultaneous intoxication of SCRA </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ethanol directly and exclusively caused the death of the two victims. </del>The <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">victims did not have any significant diseases that could have contributed to the outcome. Very limited data are available in the scientific literature about the possible effects </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </del>combined <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">consumption </del>of SCRAs and ethanol<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Several case reports describe that the presence of </del>a little ng/mL (0.37–4.1) of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SCRAs </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a high—but not lethal—concentration of ethanol (</del>1.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">45–2</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">7 </del>g/L<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">) directly </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">exclusively contributed to the death </del>of the victim [<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">24–27</del>] <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(Table 2)</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The fact </del>that 4F-MDMB-BINACA <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was not detected </del>in postmortem <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">urine </del>samples is <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">partly explained by </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">high rate </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">hepatic metabolism </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SCRAs </del>[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">11</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">14</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">22]</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">but also suggests that </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">victims consumed </del>4F-MDMB-BINACA <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">shortly before their death</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">LC separates </ins>the urine <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">or blood sample and QTOF-MS provides high-resolution and accurate mass measurements for precise identification and structural elucidation of compounds. The LC-QTOF-MS method offers a more comprehensive and sensitive approach for </ins>drug <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">detection</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">covering hundreds </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">recreational drugs</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">including NPS</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Besides increasing </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">temperature </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">enlarge the drug aerolisation and bioavailability</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">one can elevate </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">flow rate of air through </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">e-cigarette and/or add a diluent </ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Of all e</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cigarette users registered at </ins>this <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">forum, 7.8 % vaped SCRAs . About 15 % of individuals registered at forums for drug users such as erowid.org who vaped cannabis have </ins>also <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vaped SRCAs. SCRAs belong, together </ins>with <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">synthetic opioids, cathinones, amphetamines </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">hallucinogens </ins>to the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">new psychoactive substances </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">NPS</ins>) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">that are currently developed at high speed.&lt;br&gt;Data availabili</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The same procedure was then applied to </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mice once every day </ins>for <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5 days</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">It was considered </ins>as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">coordination disturbance when mice fell from the test apparatus within 2 </ins>min. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mice that remained their position on the running apparatus at </ins>10 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rpm for at least 2 </ins>min were <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">selected for further evaluation</ins>.&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Table </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Conten</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Product ions detected at m/z 302</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">217</ins>, and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">145 (B2) confirmed that tert</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">leucine and indazole moieties remained unchanged, leading to the structure elucidation </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a hydroxy</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">functional group at the 4-position of the butyl side chain by oxidative defluorination</ins>. The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">product ion m/z 336 (loss </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">methyl ester moiety) further confirmed the presence </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">dihydroxylated metabolites. The precursor ion</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">m/z 364 (B14</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">B5/B6) had </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">loss </ins>of 2 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Da from m/z 366 indicated further dehydrogenation of the ester hydrolysis plus monohydroxylated metabolites</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The presence of the product ion m/z 320, likely formed from </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">loss </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">carbon dioxide, indicated monohydroxylation at </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">tert-leucine </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">B8 </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">m/z 219)</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">butyl side chain in B9 (m/z 145) and indazole moiety in B13 (m/z 161</ins>). <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The precursor ion, m</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">z 350 showed </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">loss </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">14 Da explaining the hydrolysis </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">methyl ester from 4F-MDMB-BINACA</ins>.&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Fig. 2. </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The precursor ion m/z 396 </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">B10</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">B12/B15</ins>) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was 32 Da higher than the parent drug, 4F-MDMB-BINACA, suggesting </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">addition </ins>of two <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">hydroxy groups. All the below explanations </ins>for <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">transformations into metabolites are based on </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">data shown in Fig. Metabolites were identified according to their precursor ions, product ions</ins>, and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fragmentation patterns </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Fig. 1</ins>). <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Traditional in-vivo metabolism studies </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">generate human metabolites </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">drugs relied heavily on </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">use </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">whole </ins>animal <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">model systems, which are expensive</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">limited by drug administration amount</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">influenced by species variation and faced by many ethical issues</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Eight in</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vivo metabolites tentatively identified were mainly products of ester hydrolysis with or without additional dehydrogenation</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">N</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">dealkylation</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">monohydroxylation and oxidative defluorination with further oxidation </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">butanoic acid.</ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Fig. 1. </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Monitoring metabolism </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">synthetic cannabinoid 4F-MDMB-BINACA via high-resolution mass spectrometry assessed in cultured hepatoma cell line, fungus</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">com/ 5CL ADBA powder] liver microsomes </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">confirmed using urine samples </ins>The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">threshold for fatal overdose </ins>of combined <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">use </ins>of SCRAs and ethanol <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">can be estimated as </ins>a little ng/mL (0.37–4.1 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ng/mL according to the reported cases</ins>) of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SCRA </ins>and 1.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5–2</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5 </ins>g/L <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of ethanol. The reported cases </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">reviews </ins>of the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">scientific literature suggest a possible synergistic effect between SCRAs and ethanol, because their combined use clearly increases their toxicity. The </ins>victim <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">died due to severe necrotizing pancreatitis and acute kidney injury evolving into multi-organ failure 11 days after hospital admission . Studies have found no unequivocal synergistic effect between THC and ethanol at low or moderate ethanol doses </ins>[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">29, 30</ins>]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, but no data on high doses of ethanol are available</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Given </ins>that <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">THC and ethanol act on the same receptors, data on their simultaneous use may yield important insights in this regard.&lt;br&gt;Fungus C. elegans &lt;br&gt;Concentrations of </ins>4F-MDMB-BINACA in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </ins>postmortem <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">blood </ins>samples <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">were 2.50 and 2.34 ng/mL, which are in line with published data. Although the lethal dose of 4F-MDMB-BINACA </ins>is <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">unknown, its concentration in postmortem blood samples was found to range between 0.10 and 2.90 ng/mL . In SCRA-related cases in which the deceased suffered from heart disease, the SCRA concentration in </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">postmortem blood was less than 1 ng/mL . Concentrations </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SCRAs in postmortem cases cover a wide range ; however, some reports </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">survival have also been published—even at relatively high blood SCRA concentrations </ins>[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">19</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">20&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Taken together these data further confirmed the structure elucidation of B16. The precursor ion m/z 276 (B1) detected</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">which was 74 Da lower than that for the 4F-MDMB-BINACA ester hydrolysis metabolite (B22)</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">indicated N-dealkylation of B22. The precursor ion m/z 348 and product ion detected at m/z 217 (B2) identified was 2 Da less than </ins>the 4F-MDMB-BINACA <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ester hydrolysis metabolite (B22), indicating oxidative defluorination (loss of fluorine with addition of hydroxy 5CL ADBA powder group</ins></div></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key stadtwiki:diff::1.12:old-28402:rev-28407 --> </table>

ScarlettCagle66 https://www.stadtwiki-strausberg.de/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=28402&oldid=prev 2026-06-01T17:11:23Z

<p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="de"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Nächstältere Version</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Version vom 1. Juni 2026, 17:11 Uhr</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Zeile 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Zeile 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">test apparatus for the locomotor activity test was designed to measure locomotor activity automatically using UV system (AM 1051, Benwick Electronics, Benwick, UK) when experimental animals moved </del>in the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">chambe&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Some mice showed abnormal behaviors </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">catalepsy</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">loss </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">traction</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">convulsion) right after </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">administration </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the tested substances</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The locomotor activity of </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mice was measured 30 min and 2 hrs </del>after <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the last substance administration. We also examined their neurotoxicity using brain samples through histopathological diagnose, especially </del>in the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">nucleus accumbens core region</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In histopathological analysis, neural cells of the animals treated </del>with <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the high dose (5 mg/kg) of JWH-081 or JWH</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">210 showed distorted nuclei and nucleus membranes </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the core shell of nucleus accumbens, suggesting neurotoxicity.&lt;br&gt;Table of Conten&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;The presence of the product ion m/z 320, likely formed from a loss of carbon dioxide, indicated monohydroxylation at the </del>tert-leucine <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in B8 (m/z 219), butyl side chain in B9 (m/z 145) and indazole moiety in B13 (m/z 161&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;High resolution mass spectrometry </del>such as <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">LC</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">QTOF</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MS allows the detection </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">identification of a broad spectrum of recreational drugs, including new psychoactive substances. A point</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">care drugs of abuse (DOA) test was initially performed on the urine of the patient. He confirmed drinking 750 ml energy drink without any further consumption of food and using an e-cigarette from Gaziantep</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Turkey 10 seconds before the onset of his first symptoms</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">He usually smokes a pack of cigarettes a day and sometimes smokes e-cigarettes. Combined with non-specific, transient symptoms, clinical recognition of SCRA intoxication is challenging .&lt;br&gt;Data availability &lt;br&gt;The intensity is plotted against the retention time for both chromatograms, demonstrating </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">adb butinaca presence and elution profiles of nicotine and ADB-BUTINACA </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the analysed vape liquid sample. LC</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">QTOF</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MS Chromatograms of Nicotine (Top) and ADB</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">BUTINACA </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Bottom</del>) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">in the Vape Liquid used by the patient. The LC-QTOF-MS analysis showed that the e-liquid contained nicotine and ADB-BUTINACA (Fig. 1). Because the point-of-care DOA test is generally not able to detect synthetic recreational drug substances, the liquid of the e-cigarette </del>was <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">thereafter screened using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) on </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Waters™ Xevo G3 QTOF MS system. After eating a light meal </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">drinking caffeinated sports drinks at the ER</del>, the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">nausea complaints </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the patient were reduced and the patient was discharged hom</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A 30-min period, beginning when maximal depression </del>of locomotor activity <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first appeared </del>as a function of dose<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, was used for analysis </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">dose-response data </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">calculation of ED50 values. During test sessions, both levers </del>were <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">active, such that ten consecutive responses on either lever led to </del>[https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">adb butinaca</del>] <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">reinforcement</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The substitution tests occurred only if </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rats had achieved 85% injection-appropriate responding on the two prior training sessions</del>.&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The locomotor activity assay was used to identify approximate time courses and dose ranges </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">psychoactive effects</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">which is useful for identifying parameters for drug discrimination experiments </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">are also predictive of the time course of the psychoactive effects in human users</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The purpose of the present study was </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">assess </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">abuse liability of 5F</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB-PINACA</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CHIMICA</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB-FUBINACA</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ADB-FUBINACA</del>, and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">AMB-FUBINACA</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Since there is currently no robust measure of the reinforcing/rewarding effects of cannabinoids</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">drug discrimination </del>is <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">currently the </del>best <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">model for assessing abuse liability of cannabinoids. The findings produce an apparent paradox</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">since CPP and self-administration predict with high reliability the likelihood that a compound will be abused by humans</del>, and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cannabinoids are well-known to produce active drug-seeking in human</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In general</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the locomotor depressant </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">discriminative stimulus </del>effects <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">adb butinaca </del>have <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">been observed at doses that do not produce adverse effects</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">although tremors were observed upon handling in mice that received JWH-210 (Gatch et al.</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2016)</del>, and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5F-AMB produced sustained vocalization and convulsions in rats (Gatch et al</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, 2018)</del>. All of the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">synthetic cannabinoids </del>tested in the present study <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fully substituted </del>for <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-THC</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Subsequently</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a one-way analysis of variance was conducted on </del>horizontal activity counts <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">for the 30-</del>min <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">period </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">maximal effect, </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">planned comparisons were conducted for each </del>dose <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">against the vehicle control using single degree-</del>of<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-freedom F tests</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A two-way analysis of variance, with dose as a between groups factor and time as a </del>within <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">subject factor, was conducted on horizontal activity counts/</del>10 min <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">interval</del>.&lt;br&gt;Michael B <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Gatch </del>&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">These findings are </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">agreement with earlier studies showing </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">synthetic cannabinoids substitute </del>for the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-THC </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">see review by Wiley et al</del>., <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2017)</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Pretreatment times </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">dose ranges for the drug discrimination assay were selected based on the time </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">peak depression in </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">locomotor activity assay in mice</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">As mentioned previously</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">short-onset compounds have </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">greater abuse liability; further</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">compounds </del>that <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">have fewer adverse effects while they are active are likely to </del>be <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">preferred. All five of the compounds </del>in the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">present study fully substituted with a pretreatment time </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">15 min, suggesting a rapid onset of the discriminative stimulus effects</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">All of the cathinones fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">tetrahydrocannabinol (≥80% drug-appropriate responding). </del>Because response suppression may compromise stimulus control, rats failing to complete at least ten responses during the test session were excluded from the analysis of the discriminative stimulus effects of that dose of test compoun</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">% peak area abundance ratio of metabolites detected </ins>in the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">urine samples are often affected by numerous factors such as drug intake behaviour </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">intake route</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">amount </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">drug and intake frequency)</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">time from last drug intake and metabolic stability. This indicated that </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">phase I metabolism </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4F-MDMB-BINACA are unlikely to be affected significantly by polydrug intake</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Oxidative defluorination with subsequent butanoic acid formation (B17) metabolite, </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">second major metabolite </ins>after <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">monohydroxylation </ins>in the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">C</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ester hydrolysis </ins>with <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">dehydrogenation formed in</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vivo </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">this study was also reported among other indazole carboxamide type SCBs with </ins>tert-leucine <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">methyl ester moieties </ins>such as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5F</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PINACA </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4en</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PINACA [39</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">40]</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Similar to </ins>the in-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vivo findings, 4F</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">BINACA ester hydrolysis </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">B22</ins>) was the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">major metabolite for both HepG2 </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">HLM models</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">consistent with </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">known hydrolytic activity </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CES reported</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">All </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the compounds tested in the present study depressed </ins>locomotor activity <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">as is typical for other synthetic cannabinoids (see review by Wiley et al., 2017). Average horizontal activity counts/10 min </ins>as a function of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">time (10 min bins) and </ins>dose<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Depressant effects </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1.33 mg/kg were observed within 10 min following administration </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">peak depressant effects </ins>were [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5CL ADBA powder</ins>] <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">observed between 0–30 min</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Duration of </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">locomotor depression increased over dose from 30 min following 0.1 mg/kg to 2</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5 h following 1 mg/k&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This makes JWH-210 powder one </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the most powerful compounds in its class</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">often used in incense blends </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">research settings</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Our commitment </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">quality and customer satisfaction makes us </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">best place for jwh 210 buy</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">whether you need it for research, incense blends, or other legal applications. For qualified professionals</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">investing in high</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">quality</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">verified material ensures accuracy</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">safety</ins>, and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">regulatory compliance</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Prioritize vendors providing full analytical validation, transparent documentation</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and compliance with international controls. Value </ins>is best <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">assessed through consistency</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">verifiable purity</ins>, and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">regulatory compliance—not cost alon</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4. Drugs </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Short-onset, short-acting compounds have a greater abuse liability</ins>, and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">long-acting compounds pose problems of long-acting adverse </ins>effects <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and interactions with other drugs. The duration of action of the synthetic cannabinoids tested using the 8-h protocol </ins>have <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">varied widely</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">with some producing a duration of action no longer than 1 h</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">others producing a duration of action between 1–2 h</ins>, and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">others lasting more than 2 h</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">There seems to be a trend of newer synthetic cannabinoids being more potent than earlier compounds</ins>. All of the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">compounds </ins>tested in the present study <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">depressed locomotor activity as is typical </ins>for <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">other synthetic cannabinoids (see review by Wiley et al</ins>., <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2017). Average </ins>horizontal activity counts<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/10 </ins>min <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">as a function </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">time (10 min bins) </ins>and dose<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Depressant effects </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">33 mg/kg were observed </ins>within 10 min <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">following administration and peak depressant effects were observed between 0–30 min</ins>.&lt;br&gt;Michael B <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Gat</ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;Male ND4 Swiss–Webster mice were obtained from Envigo (Houston, TX) at approximately 8 weeks of age and maintained </ins>in the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC) animal facility for two weeks prior to testin&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Test 2 was performed everyday </ins>for <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5 days after consecutive administration of </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">substances, including negative (vehicle) and positive </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">methamphetamine) controls</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">After the last administration</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the first trial was performed</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the changes of learning </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">memory function through administration </ins>of the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">test substances</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Generally</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">neurotoxicity of </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">substance is evaluated by animal behavioral aspects, i.e. functional observation battery (FOB) tests (O’Callaghan et al.</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2014). Our results suggest </ins>that <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JWH-081 and JWH-210 may 5CL ADBA powder </ins>be <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">neurotoxic substances through changing neuronal cell damages, especially </ins>in the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">core shell part </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">nucleus accumbens</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;About Powder JWH</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</ins>Because response suppression may compromise stimulus control, rats failing to complete at least ten responses during the test session were excluded from the analysis of the discriminative stimulus effects of that dose of test compoun<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;§ (3) of the Hungarian act of Forensic Experts (2016.XXIX), the data of the reported case can be utilized freely for scientific and educational purposes without special ethical permission. These results indicate that the simultaneous intoxication of SCRA and ethanol directly and exclusively caused the death of the two victims. The victims did not have any significant diseases that could have contributed to the outcome. Very limited data are available in the scientific literature about the possible effects of the combined consumption of SCRAs and ethanol. Several case reports describe that the presence of a little ng/mL (0.37–4.1) of SCRAs and a high—but not lethal—concentration of ethanol (1.45–2.7 g/L) directly and exclusively contributed to the death of the victim [24–27] (Table 2). The fact that 4F-MDMB-BINACA was not detected in postmortem urine samples is partly explained by the high rate of hepatic metabolism of SCRAs [11, 14, 22], but also suggests that the victims consumed 4F-MDMB-BINACA shortly before their death</ins></div></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key stadtwiki:diff::1.12:old-28394:rev-28402 --> </table>

ScarlettCagle66 https://www.stadtwiki-strausberg.de/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=28394&oldid=prev 2026-06-01T17:08:45Z

<p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="de"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Nächstältere Version</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Version vom 1. Juni 2026, 17:08 Uhr</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Zeile 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Zeile 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">LC separates </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">urine or blood sample </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">QTOF</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MS provides high</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">resolution </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">accurate mass measurements for precise identification and structural elucidation </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">compounds</del>. The LC-QTOF-MS <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">method offers </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">more comprehensive and sensitive approach for drug detection, covering hundreds </del>of recreational drugs, including <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">NPS</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Besides increasing </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">temperature to enlarge </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">drug aerolisation </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">bioavailability</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">one can elevate </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">flow rate </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">air through the </del>e-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cigarette and/or add a diluent </del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Of all e</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cigarette users registered at this forum</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">7</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">8 % vaped SCRAs </del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">About 15 % </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">individuals registered at forums for drug users such as erowid</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">org who vaped cannabis have also vaped SRCAs</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SCRAs belong, together with </del>synthetic <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">opioids</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cathinones, amphetamines and hallucinogens to </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">new psychoactive substances </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">NPS</del>) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">that are currently developed </del>at <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">high speed.</del>&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Data availabili</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Drugs </del>&lt;br&gt;The purpose of the present study was to assess the abuse liability of 5F-MDMB-PINACA, MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA. The findings produce an apparent paradox, since CPP and self-administration predict with high reliability the likelihood that a compound will be abused by humans, and cannabinoids are well-known to produce active drug-seeking in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">humans. Drug discrimination is a well-known animal model of the subjective effects of drugs and correlates well with abuse liability (Young 2009; Horton et al. 2013). Assessment of abuse liability is based on several factors, including chemical structure, pharmacological mechanism of action, and finally, subjective and reinforcing behavioral effects (FDA, 2010; Swedberg, 2013).</del>&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Michael B Gat</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;Synthetic cannabinoids </del>have <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">consistently </del>been <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">shown to </del>produce <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">discriminative stimulus </del>effects <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">similar to those https://cannabinoidsrc4f</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">adb</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">com/ of Δ9-THC (Bannister and Connor</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2018</del>), and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FUBINACA fully substituted for Δ9-THC </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Gamage </del>et al., 2018). <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The chemical structures </del>of the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">recent </del>synthetic cannabinoids <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">are unlike that </del>of Δ9-THC, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">but are largely based </del>on the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">structure </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">older synthetic cannabinoids that are known to have substantial abuse liability (Fig. 1). All 5 compounds decreased locomotor activity </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">produced discriminative stimulus effects similar to those of Δ9</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">THC, which suggests they may have abuse liability similar to that </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Δ9</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">THC</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Subsequent testing identified 5F</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ADB to have been present in </del>a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">total of ten people who had died from unexplained drug overdoses in Japan </del>between <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">September 2014 </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">December 2014. AMB-FUBINACA produced tremors and may be of increased risk in human recreational users</del>.&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gatch &lt;br&gt;These findings are in agreement with earlier studies showing the synthetic cannabinoids substitute for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-THC (see review by Wiley et al., 2017). Pretreatment times and dose ranges for the drug discrimination assay were selected based on the time of peak depression in the locomotor activity assay in mice. As mentioned previously, short-onset compounds have a greater abuse liability; further, compounds that have fewer adverse effects while they are active are likely to be preferred. All five of the compounds in the present study fully substituted with a pretreatment time of 15 min, suggesting a rapid onset of the discriminative stimulus effects. All of the cathinones fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (≥80% drug-appropriate responding). Because response suppression may compromise stimulus control, rats failing to complete at least ten responses during the test session were excluded from the analysis of the discriminative stimulus effects of that dose of test compoun<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;4. Drugs &lt;br&gt;In general, the locomotor depressant and discriminative stimulus effects have been observed at doses that do not produce adverse effects, although tremors were observed upon handling in mice that received JWH-210 (Gatch et al., 2016), and 5F-AMB produced sustained vocalization and convulsions in rats (Gatch et al., 2018). All of the synthetic cannabinoids tested in the present study fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-THC. Subsequently, a one-way analysis of variance was conducted on horizontal activity counts for the 30-min period of maximal effect, and planned comparisons were conducted for each dose against the vehicle control using single degree-of-freedom F tests. A two-way analysis of variance, with dose as a between groups factor and time as a within subject factor, was conducted on horizontal activity counts/10 min interval. Locomotor activity in mice was tested to screen for locomotor depressant effects and to identify behaviorally-active dose ranges and times of peak effect. Previous studies have demonstrated that these compounds have chemical structures similar to synthetic cannabinoids known to have substantial abuse liability and act at the CB1 receptor.&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gatch &lt;br&gt;Substantial depressant effects were observed within the first 10 min, and maximal depression was observed between 0–30 min following administration. Tremors were observed 30 minutes following 1 mg/kg AMB-FUBINACA in 3 of 8 mice (data not shown). Substantial depressant effects were observed within the first 10 min, and maximal depression was observed between 10–40 min and lasted up to 2.5 to 3 h at the [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/] highest dose tested (0.5 mg/kg).&lt;br&gt;Figure 1. &lt;br&gt;There is indication that at least some of the first-generation synthetic cannabinoids act at receptors other than cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 (Wiley et al., 2016), and a compound from the present study, 5F-MDMB-PINACA, was found to activate midbrain dopamine neurons, but not serotonin neurons (Asaoka et al., 2016). As previously mentioned, all of the compounds tested in the present study (MDMB-PINACA, MDMB-CHMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA) act as agonists at CB1 receptors (Banister et al., 2015, 2016; Gamage et al., 2018), which suggests these compounds will produce Δ9-THC-like effects, including abuse liability. Tremors were not observed following AMB-FUBINACA during the drug discrimination study, but the maximum dose tested was only 0.1 mg/kg, which is 10-fold lower than the dose that produced tremors in the mice.&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gat</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The test apparatus for the locomotor activity test was designed to measure locomotor activity automatically using UV system (AM 1051, Benwick Electronics, Benwick, UK) when experimental animals moved in the chambe&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Some mice showed abnormal behaviors (catalepsy, loss of traction, convulsion) right after the administration of the tested substances. The locomotor activity of </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mice was measured 30 min </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2 hrs after the last substance administration. We also examined their neurotoxicity using brain samples through histopathological diagnose, especially in the nucleus accumbens core region. In histopathological analysis, neural cells of the animals treated with the high dose (5 mg/kg) of JWH</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">081 or JWH</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">210 showed distorted nuclei </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">nucleus membranes in the core shell </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">nucleus accumbens, suggesting neurotoxicity</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;Table of Conten&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</ins>The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">presence of the product ion m/z 320, likely formed from a loss of carbon dioxide, indicated monohydroxylation at the tert-leucine in B8 (m/z 219), butyl side chain in B9 (m/z 145) and indazole moiety in B13 (m/z 161&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;High resolution mass spectrometry such as </ins>LC-QTOF-MS <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">allows the detection and identification of </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">broad spectrum </ins>of recreational drugs, including <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">new psychoactive substances</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A point-of-care drugs of abuse (DOA) test was initially performed on </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">urine of </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">patient. He confirmed drinking 750 ml energy drink without any further consumption of food </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">using an e-cigarette from Gaziantep</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Turkey 10 seconds before </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">onset </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">his first symptoms. He usually smokes a pack of cigarettes a day and sometimes smokes </ins>e-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cigarettes</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Combined with non</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">specific, transient symptoms</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">clinical recognition of SCRA intoxication is challenging </ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;Data availability &lt;br&gt;The intensity is plotted against the retention time for both chromatograms, demonstrating the adb butinaca presence and elution profiles of nicotine and ADB-BUTINACA in the analysed vape liquid sample</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">LC-QTOF-MS Chromatograms </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Nicotine (Top) and ADB-BUTINACA (Bottom) in the Vape Liquid used by the patient. The LC-QTOF-MS analysis showed that the e-liquid contained nicotine and ADB-BUTINACA (Fig</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1)</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Because the point-of-care DOA test is generally not able to detect </ins>synthetic <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">recreational drug substances</ins>, the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">liquid of the e-cigarette was thereafter screened using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">LC-QTOF-MS</ins>) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">on the Waters™ Xevo G3 QTOF MS system. After eating a light meal and drinking caffeinated sports drinks </ins>at <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the ER, the nausea complaints of the patient were reduced and the patient was discharged hom</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A 30-min period, beginning when maximal depression of locomotor activity first appeared as a function of dose, was used for analysis of dose-response data and calculation of ED50 values. During test sessions, both levers were active, such that ten consecutive responses on either lever led to [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ adb butinaca] reinforcement. The substitution tests occurred only if the rats had achieved 85% injection-appropriate responding on the two prior training sessions</ins>.&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The locomotor activity assay was used to identify approximate time courses and dose ranges of psychoactive effects, which is useful for identifying parameters for drug discrimination experiments and are also predictive of the time course of the psychoactive effects in human users. </ins>The purpose of the present study was to assess the abuse liability of 5F-MDMB-PINACA, MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Since there is currently no robust measure of the reinforcing/rewarding effects of cannabinoids, drug discrimination is currently the best model for assessing abuse liability of cannabinoids</ins>. The findings produce an apparent paradox, since CPP and self-administration predict with high reliability the likelihood that a compound will be abused by humans, and cannabinoids are well-known to produce active drug-seeking in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">human</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In general, the locomotor depressant and discriminative stimulus effects adb butinaca </ins>have been <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">observed at doses that do not </ins>produce <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">adverse </ins>effects<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, although tremors were observed upon handling in mice that received JWH</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">210 (Gatch et al</ins>., <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2016</ins>), and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5F</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">AMB produced sustained vocalization and convulsions in rats </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Gatch </ins>et al., 2018). <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">All </ins>of the synthetic cannabinoids <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">tested in the present study fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects </ins>of Δ9-THC<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Subsequently</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a one-way analysis of variance was conducted </ins>on <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">horizontal activity counts for </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">30-min period </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">maximal effect, </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">planned comparisons were conducted for each dose against the vehicle control using single degree</ins>-of-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">freedom F tests</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A two</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">way analysis of variance, with dose as </ins>a between <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">groups factor </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">time as a within subject factor, was conducted on horizontal activity counts/10 min interval</ins>.&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gatch &lt;br&gt;These findings are in agreement with earlier studies showing the synthetic cannabinoids substitute for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-THC (see review by Wiley et al., 2017). Pretreatment times and dose ranges for the drug discrimination assay were selected based on the time of peak depression in the locomotor activity assay in mice. As mentioned previously, short-onset compounds have a greater abuse liability; further, compounds that have fewer adverse effects while they are active are likely to be preferred. All five of the compounds in the present study fully substituted with a pretreatment time of 15 min, suggesting a rapid onset of the discriminative stimulus effects. All of the cathinones fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (≥80% drug-appropriate responding). Because response suppression may compromise stimulus control, rats failing to complete at least ten responses during the test session were excluded from the analysis of the discriminative stimulus effects of that dose of test compoun</div></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key stadtwiki:diff::1.12:old-28391:rev-28394 --> </table>

ScarlettCagle66 https://www.stadtwiki-strausberg.de/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=28391&oldid=prev 2026-06-01T17:07:43Z

<p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="de"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Nächstältere Version</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Version vom 1. Juni 2026, 17:07 Uhr</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Zeile 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Zeile 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">As synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRA) are gaining popularity globally, clinicians have to understand that intoxication caused by vaping SCRA is not detected by commonly available tests. He confirmed that he had been vaping an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) earlier that day just before </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">onset of his symptoms. Metabolic acidosis (1/3, 0/7) </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">respiratory acidosis (1/3, 0/7), All 10 patients recovered with supportive care, including intubation </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ventilation </del>for <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">one case</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In 3 cases ADB</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">BUTINACA was the only substance detected, while in seven other substances of misuse were also detected including other SCRA, opioids, benzodiazepines cocaine and pregabali&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Legal status &lt;br&gt;JWH</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">210 Chemical Powder </del>offers a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">reliable solution </del>for <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">laboratories seeking a compound that meets stringent requirements. Researchers often require compounds that are consistent and dependable</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and this product delivers on both fronts</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Whether used in small-scale experiments or larger research projects, </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">compound maintains its integrity under recommended storage conditions. This ensures ease of handling and precise measurement during laboratory use. Each batch undergoes detailed verification </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ensure purity, consistency, and accuracy, making it suitable for controlled experimental environments. This study was supported by a grant (13181MFDS654) of </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">National Institute of Food </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Drug Safety Evaluation</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Republic of Kore&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Taken together these data further confirmed </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">structure elucidation </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">B16. The precursor ion m/z 276 (B1) detected, which was 74 Da lower than that for </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4F</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB-BINACA ester hydrolysis metabolite (B22), indicated N-dealkylation of B22. The precursor ion m/z 348 </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">product ion detected at m</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">z 217 (B2) identified was 2 Da less than the 4F</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB-BINACA ester hydrolysis metabolite (B22)</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">indicating oxidative defluorination (loss of fluorine with addition of hydroxy adb butinaca group&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;The same procedure was then applied to the mice once every day for 5 days</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">It was considered as coordination disturbance when mice fell from the test apparatus within 2 min</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mice that remained their position on the running apparatus </del>at <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">10 rpm </del>for <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">at least 2 min were selected for further evaluation.&lt;br&gt;Table of Conten&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;The % peak area abundance ratio of metabolites detected in the urine samples are often affected by numerous factors </del>such as <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">drug intake behaviour (intake route</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">amount of drug and intake frequency), time from last drug intake and metabolic stabilit&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Observation item 1st injection 2nd injection 3rd injection 4th injection 5th injection Con. All groups treated </del>with <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">tested </del>synthetic <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cannabinoids showed decreased weight gain rate in a dose-dependent manner. A total of 5 mice in the JWH-081 (5 mg/kg</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">i.p.) treated group </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">6 mice in </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">adb butinaca JWH-210 </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5 mg/kg, i.p.</del>) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">treated group showed loss of traction, of which 4 and 5 showed tremor, respectively. Memory retention was measured after the memory acquisition was tested as a probe trial</del>.&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">About Powder JWH-2</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;4. Drugs &lt;br&gt;The purpose of the present study was to assess the abuse liability of 5F-MDMB-PINACA, MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA. The findings produce an apparent paradox, since CPP and self-administration predict with high reliability the likelihood that a compound will be abused by humans, and cannabinoids are well-known to produce active drug-seeking in humans. Drug discrimination is a well-known animal model of the subjective effects of drugs and correlates well with abuse liability (Young 2009; Horton et al. 2013). Assessment of abuse liability is based on several factors, including chemical structure, pharmacological mechanism of action, and finally, subjective and reinforcing behavioral effects (FDA, 2010; Swedberg, 2013).&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gat&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;4. Drugs &lt;br&gt;In general, the locomotor depressant and discriminative stimulus effects have been observed at doses that do not produce adverse effects, although tremors were observed upon handling in mice that received JWH-210 (Gatch et al., 2016), and 5F-AMB produced sustained vocalization and convulsions in rats (Gatch et al., 2018). All of the synthetic cannabinoids tested in the present study fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-THC. Subsequently, a one-way analysis of variance was conducted on horizontal activity counts for the 30-min period of maximal effect, and planned comparisons were conducted for each dose against the vehicle control using single degree-of-freedom F tests. A two-way analysis of variance, with dose as a between groups factor and time as a within subject factor, was conducted on horizontal activity counts/10 min interval. Locomotor activity in mice was tested to screen for locomotor depressant effects and to identify behaviorally-active dose ranges and times of peak effect. Previous studies have demonstrated that these compounds have chemical structures similar to synthetic cannabinoids known to have substantial abuse liability and act at the CB1 receptor.&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gatch &lt;br&gt;Substantial depressant effects were observed within the first 10 min, and maximal depression was observed between 0–30 min following administration. Tremors were observed 30 minutes following 1 mg/kg AMB-FUBINACA in 3 of 8 mice (data not shown). Substantial depressant effects were observed within the first 10 min, and maximal depression was observed between 10–40 min and lasted up to 2.5 to 3 h at the [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ adb <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">butinaca</del>] highest dose tested (0.5 mg/kg).&lt;br&gt;Figure 1. &lt;br&gt;There is indication that at least some of the first-generation synthetic cannabinoids act at receptors other than cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 (Wiley et al., 2016), and a compound from the present study, 5F-MDMB-PINACA, was found to activate midbrain dopamine neurons, but not serotonin neurons (Asaoka et al., 2016). As previously mentioned, all of the compounds tested in the present study (MDMB-PINACA, MDMB-CHMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA) act as agonists at CB1 receptors (Banister et al., 2015, 2016; Gamage et al., 2018), which suggests these compounds will produce Δ9-THC-like effects, including abuse liability. Tremors were not observed following AMB-FUBINACA during the drug discrimination study, but the maximum dose tested was only 0.1 mg/kg, which is 10-fold lower than the dose that produced tremors in the mice.&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gat</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">LC separates </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">urine or blood sample </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">QTOF-MS provides high-resolution </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">accurate mass measurements </ins>for <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">precise identification and structural elucidation of compounds</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The LC</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">QTOF</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MS method </ins>offers a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">more comprehensive and sensitive approach </ins>for <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">drug detection, covering hundreds of recreational drugs</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">including NPS</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Besides increasing </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">temperature </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">enlarge </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">drug aerolisation </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">bioavailability</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">one can elevate </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">flow rate </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">air through </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">e</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cigarette </ins>and/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">or add a diluent . Of all e</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cigarette users registered at this forum</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">7</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">8 % vaped SCRAs </ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">About 15 % of individuals registered </ins>at <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">forums </ins>for <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">drug users </ins>such as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">erowid.org who vaped cannabis have also vaped SRCAs. SCRAs belong</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">together </ins>with synthetic <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">opioids, cathinones</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">amphetamines </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">hallucinogens to </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">new psychoactive substances </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">NPS</ins>) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">that are currently developed at high speed</ins>.&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Data availabili</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;4. Drugs &lt;br&gt;The purpose of the present study was to assess the abuse liability of 5F-MDMB-PINACA, MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA. The findings produce an apparent paradox, since CPP and self-administration predict with high reliability the likelihood that a compound will be abused by humans, and cannabinoids are well-known to produce active drug-seeking in humans. Drug discrimination is a well-known animal model of the subjective effects of drugs and correlates well with abuse liability (Young 2009; Horton et al. 2013). Assessment of abuse liability is based on several factors, including chemical structure, pharmacological mechanism of action, and finally, subjective and reinforcing behavioral effects (FDA, 2010; Swedberg, 2013).&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gat<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Synthetic cannabinoids have consistently been shown to produce discriminative stimulus effects similar to those https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ of Δ9-THC (Bannister and Connor, 2018), and MDMB-FUBINACA fully substituted for Δ9-THC (Gamage et al., 2018). The chemical structures of the recent synthetic cannabinoids are unlike that of Δ9-THC, but are largely based on the structure of older synthetic cannabinoids that are known to have substantial abuse liability (Fig. 1). All 5 compounds decreased locomotor activity and produced discriminative stimulus effects similar to those of Δ9-THC, which suggests they may have abuse liability similar to that of Δ9-THC. Subsequent testing identified 5F-ADB to have been present in a total of ten people who had died from unexplained drug overdoses in Japan between September 2014 and December 2014. AMB-FUBINACA produced tremors and may be of increased risk in human recreational users.&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gatch &lt;br&gt;These findings are in agreement with earlier studies showing the synthetic cannabinoids substitute for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-THC (see review by Wiley et al., 2017). Pretreatment times and dose ranges for the drug discrimination assay were selected based on the time of peak depression in the locomotor activity assay in mice. As mentioned previously, short-onset compounds have a greater abuse liability; further, compounds that have fewer adverse effects while they are active are likely to be preferred. All five of the compounds in the present study fully substituted with a pretreatment time of 15 min, suggesting a rapid onset of the discriminative stimulus effects. All of the cathinones fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (≥80% drug-appropriate responding). Because response suppression may compromise stimulus control, rats failing to complete at least ten responses during the test session were excluded from the analysis of the discriminative stimulus effects of that dose of test compoun</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;4. Drugs &lt;br&gt;In general, the locomotor depressant and discriminative stimulus effects have been observed at doses that do not produce adverse effects, although tremors were observed upon handling in mice that received JWH-210 (Gatch et al., 2016), and 5F-AMB produced sustained vocalization and convulsions in rats (Gatch et al., 2018). All of the synthetic cannabinoids tested in the present study fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-THC. Subsequently, a one-way analysis of variance was conducted on horizontal activity counts for the 30-min period of maximal effect, and planned comparisons were conducted for each dose against the vehicle control using single degree-of-freedom F tests. A two-way analysis of variance, with dose as a between groups factor and time as a within subject factor, was conducted on horizontal activity counts/10 min interval. Locomotor activity in mice was tested to screen for locomotor depressant effects and to identify behaviorally-active dose ranges and times of peak effect. Previous studies have demonstrated that these compounds have chemical structures similar to synthetic cannabinoids known to have substantial abuse liability and act at the CB1 receptor.&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gatch &lt;br&gt;Substantial depressant effects were observed within the first 10 min, and maximal depression was observed between 0–30 min following administration. Tremors were observed 30 minutes following 1 mg/kg AMB-FUBINACA in 3 of 8 mice (data not shown). Substantial depressant effects were observed within the first 10 min, and maximal depression was observed between 10–40 min and lasted up to 2.5 to 3 h at the [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https://cannabinoidsrc4f-</ins>adb<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.com/</ins>] highest dose tested (0.5 mg/kg).&lt;br&gt;Figure 1. &lt;br&gt;There is indication that at least some of the first-generation synthetic cannabinoids act at receptors other than cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 (Wiley et al., 2016), and a compound from the present study, 5F-MDMB-PINACA, was found to activate midbrain dopamine neurons, but not serotonin neurons (Asaoka et al., 2016). As previously mentioned, all of the compounds tested in the present study (MDMB-PINACA, MDMB-CHMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA) act as agonists at CB1 receptors (Banister et al., 2015, 2016; Gamage et al., 2018), which suggests these compounds will produce Δ9-THC-like effects, including abuse liability. Tremors were not observed following AMB-FUBINACA during the drug discrimination study, but the maximum dose tested was only 0.1 mg/kg, which is 10-fold lower than the dose that produced tremors in the mice.&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gat</div></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key stadtwiki:diff::1.12:old-28197:rev-28391 --> </table>

ScarlettCagle66 https://www.stadtwiki-strausberg.de/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=28197&oldid=prev 2026-05-30T18:38:31Z

<p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="de"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Nächstältere Version</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Version vom 30. Mai 2026, 18:38 Uhr</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Zeile 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Zeile 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">When clinical presentation and/or initial DOA testing results </del>are <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">inconclusive</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">additional testing with LC-QTOF-MS can be valuable and </del>is <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">recommended. SCRAs and other NPS may </del>not <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">be </del>detected by <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">point</del>-of<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-</del>care <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">DOA tests</del>. In <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">this case, the point</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of-care DOA urine screening </del>was <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">not able to detect </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">synthetic cannabinoid ADB-BUTINAC</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">High resolution mass spectrometry such as LC</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">QTOF</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MS allows </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">detection </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">identification of a broad spectrum of recreational drugs</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">including new psychoactive substances</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A point-of-care drugs of abuse </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">DOA</del>) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">test was initially performed on the urine </del>of the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">patient. He confirmed drinking 750 ml energy drink without any further consumption </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">food </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">using an e-cigarette from Gaziantep</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Turkey 10 seconds before the onset of his first symptoms. He usually smokes a pack </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cigarettes a day </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">sometimes smokes e-cigarettes. Combined with non-specific, transient symptoms</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">clinical recognition </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SCRA intoxication is challenging .</del>&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Data availability </del>&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The intensity is plotted against </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">retention time for both chromatograms, demonstrating the [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">com</del>/ <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com] presence and elution profiles of nicotine and ADB-BUTINACA in </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">analysed vape liquid sample. LC</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">QTOF</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MS Chromatograms of Nicotine </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Top</del>) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and ADB</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">BUTINACA (Bottom) in the Vape Liquid used by the patient</del>. The <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">LC-QTOF-MS analysis showed that the e-liquid contained nicotine </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ADB-BUTINACA </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Fig. 1</del>)<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Because </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">point</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">care DOA test is generally not able to detect synthetic recreational drug substances</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the liquid </del>of the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">e-cigarette </del>was <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">thereafter screened using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) </del>on the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Waters™ Xevo G3 QTOF MS system. After eating a light meal and drinking caffeinated sports drinks </del>at <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the ER, the nausea complaints of the patient </del>were <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">reduced and the patient was discharged hom</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">LC-QTOF-MS represents a significant advancement </del>in the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">field </del>of drug <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">detection, offering higher sensitivity, specificity</del>, and a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">broader spectrum </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">detectable substances. Despite all negative results </del>in the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">point</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of-care test for recreational drugs</del>, the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">liquid chromatography</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">LC-QTOF-MS</del>) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">analysis </del>showed <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">that the liquid </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the e-cigarette contained ADB-BUTINACA</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a synthetic cannabinoid</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">We report a 27-year-old man who </del>was <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">admitted to </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">emergency room because of sudden cannabinoidsrc4f</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">adb.com headache, nausea, vertigo, red eyes and palpitations. Synthetic cannabinoids are gaining popularity globally and detection is not commonly availabl</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;4. Drugs &lt;br&gt;The purpose of the present study was to assess the abuse liability of 5F-MDMB-PINACA, MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA. The findings produce an apparent paradox, since CPP and self-administration predict with high reliability the likelihood that a compound will be abused by humans, and cannabinoids are well-known to produce active drug-seeking in humans. Drug discrimination is a well-known animal model of the subjective effects of drugs and correlates well with abuse liability (Young 2009; Horton et al. 2013). Assessment of abuse liability is based on several factors, including chemical structure, pharmacological mechanism of action, and finally, subjective and reinforcing behavioral effects (FDA, 2010; Swedberg, 2013).&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gat&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A limitation of this case report is </del>that <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">we did </del>not <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">have a urine sample available for additional NPS testing</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Point-of-care DOA tests using urine to screen for misuse of multiple substances</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">regularly include cannabis</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">amphetamines, cocaine, opioids, benzodiazepines </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">methadone</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">THC, methamphetamine, SRCA</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD</del>), <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">gamma</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">hydroxybutyrate (GHB) </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ketamine are likely to become volatile under </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">temperature </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">current e</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cigarettes, while crack cocaine is hard to vaporise</del>. A <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">systematic review including data </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">114 patients of which the majority </del>was <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">intoxicated due </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SCRA smoking revealed </del>that <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">45 % of the patients who present </del>at the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ER after an intoxication due to SCRA smoking recovered within 24 hours </del>.&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Data availability </del>&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Moreover, a study conducted in </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">United Kingdom investigated components of e-liquids in 112 samples originating from prisoners</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">teenagers </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">test purchases of commercially available e-cigarettes taken </del>between <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2014 and 2021 </del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This is the first case report that describes the toxicological symptoms of vaping ADB</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">BUTINACA. Results </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the DOA test </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">including testing for amphetamines, methamphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, methadone, opioids, cannabis, tricyclic antidepressants</del>) were <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">available </del>within <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">30 minutes </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">were all negative</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">We report a case of an involuntary intoxication of </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">SCRA ADB</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">BUTINACA after vaping</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">There are several pitfalls in the detection of SCRA in samples taken from the patient</del>.&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Data availabili</del>&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;These </del>synthetic cannabinoids act <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">directly </del>at cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">receptors as does Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Δ9-THC</del>) <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">found in marijuana</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">but have different chemical structures unrelated to Δ9</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">THC</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">different metabolism</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and often greater toxicity </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Fantegrossi </del>et al., <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2014</del>). <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Discriminative stimulus effects were </del>tested in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">rats trained to discriminate Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3 mg/kg, 30-min pretreatment). 5F-</del>MDMB-PINACA <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(also known as 5F-ADB, 5F-ADB-PINACA)</del>, MDMB-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CHIMICA</del>, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA (<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">also known as FUB</del>-AMB<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, MMB</del>-FUBINACA<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">) were </del>tested <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">for </del>in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vivo cannabinoid-like effects to assess their abuse liabilit</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">As synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRA) </ins>are <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">gaining popularity globally</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">clinicians have to understand that intoxication caused by vaping SCRA </ins>is not detected by <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">commonly available tests. He confirmed that he had been vaping an electronic cigarette (e</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cigarette) earlier that day just before the onset </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">his symptoms. Metabolic acidosis (1/3, 0/7) and respiratory acidosis (1/3, 0/7), All 10 patients recovered with supportive </ins>care<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, including intubation and ventilation for one case</ins>. In <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">3 cases ADB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">BUTINACA </ins>was the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">only substance detected, while in seven other substances of misuse were also detected including other SCRA, opioids, benzodiazepines cocaine and pregabali</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Legal status </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JWH</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">210 Chemical Powder offers a reliable solution for laboratories seeking a compound that meets stringent requirements. Researchers often require compounds that are consistent and dependable, and this product delivers on both fronts. Whether used in small</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">scale experiments or larger research projects, </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">compound maintains its integrity under recommended storage conditions. This ensures ease of handling </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">precise measurement during laboratory use. Each batch undergoes detailed verification to ensure purity, consistency, and accuracy</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">making it suitable for controlled experimental environments</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This study was supported by a grant </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">13181MFDS654</ins>) of the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">National Institute </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Food </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Drug Safety Evaluation</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ministry </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Food </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Drug Safety</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Republic </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Kore&lt;br&gt;</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Taken together these data further confirmed </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">structure elucidation of B16</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The precursor ion m</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">z 276 (B1) detected, which was 74 Da lower than that for </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4F</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">BINACA ester hydrolysis metabolite </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">B22</ins>)<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, indicated N</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">dealkylation of B22</ins>. The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">precursor ion m/z 348 </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">product ion detected at m/z 217 </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">B2</ins>) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">identified was 2 Da less than </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4F</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">BINACA ester hydrolysis metabolite (B22)</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">indicating oxidative defluorination (loss of fluorine with addition </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">hydroxy adb butinaca group&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;The same procedure was then applied to </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mice once every day for 5 days. It </ins>was <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">considered as coordination disturbance when mice fell from the test apparatus within 2 min. Mice that remained their position </ins>on the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">running apparatus at 10 rpm for </ins>at <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">least 2 min </ins>were <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">selected for further evaluation.</ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Table of Conten</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The % peak area abundance ratio of metabolites detected </ins>in the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">urine samples are often affected by numerous factors such as drug intake behaviour (intake route, amount </ins>of drug <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and intake frequency)</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">time from last drug intake </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">metabolic stabilit&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Observation item 1st injection 2nd injection 3rd injection 4th injection 5th injection Con. All groups treated with tested synthetic cannabinoids showed decreased weight gain rate in </ins>a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">dose-dependent manner. A total </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5 mice </ins>in the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">JWH</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">081 (5 mg/kg</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">i.p.) treated group and 6 mice in </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">adb butinaca JWH</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">210 </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5 mg/kg, i.p.</ins>) <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">treated group </ins>showed <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">loss of traction, </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">which 4 and 5 showed tremor</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">respectively</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Memory retention </ins>was <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">measured after </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">memory acquisition was tested as a probe trial.&lt;br&gt;About Powder JWH</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;4. Drugs &lt;br&gt;The purpose of the present study was to assess the abuse liability of 5F-MDMB-PINACA, MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA. The findings produce an apparent paradox, since CPP and self-administration predict with high reliability the likelihood that a compound will be abused by humans, and cannabinoids are well-known to produce active drug-seeking in humans. Drug discrimination is a well-known animal model of the subjective effects of drugs and correlates well with abuse liability (Young 2009; Horton et al. 2013). Assessment of abuse liability is based on several factors, including chemical structure, pharmacological mechanism of action, and finally, subjective and reinforcing behavioral effects (FDA, 2010; Swedberg, 2013).&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gat&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">4. Drugs </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">In general, the locomotor depressant and discriminative stimulus effects have been observed at doses </ins>that <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">do </ins>not <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">produce adverse effects, although tremors were observed upon handling in mice that received JWH-210 (Gatch et al</ins>., <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2016)</ins>, and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5F-AMB produced sustained vocalization and convulsions in rats (Gatch et al</ins>., <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2018</ins>)<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. All of the synthetic cannabinoids tested in the present study fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-THC. Subsequently</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a one</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">way analysis of variance was conducted on horizontal activity counts for the 30-min period of maximal effect, </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">planned comparisons were conducted for each dose against </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vehicle control using single degree-</ins>of-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">freedom F tests</ins>. A <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">two-way analysis </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">variance, with dose as a between groups factor and time as a within subject factor, was conducted on horizontal activity counts/10 min interval. Locomotor activity in mice </ins>was <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">tested </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">screen for locomotor depressant effects and to identify behaviorally-active dose ranges and times of peak effect. Previous studies have demonstrated </ins>that <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">these compounds have chemical structures similar to synthetic cannabinoids known to have substantial abuse liability and act </ins>at the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CB1 receptor</ins>.&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Michael B Gatch </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Substantial depressant effects were observed within </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">first 10 min</ins>, and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">maximal depression was observed </ins>between <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">0–30 min following administration</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Tremors were observed 30 minutes following 1 mg/kg AMB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FUBINACA in 3 </ins>of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">8 mice </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">data not shown</ins>)<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Substantial depressant effects </ins>were <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">observed </ins>within <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the first 10 min, and maximal depression was observed between 10–40 min </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">lasted up to 2</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5 to 3 h at </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[https://cannabinoidsrc4f</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">adb.com/ adb butinaca] highest dose tested (0</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5 mg/kg)</ins>.&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Figure 1. </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">There is indication that at least some of the first-generation </ins>synthetic cannabinoids act at <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">receptors other than </ins>cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 (<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Wiley et al., 2016</ins>), <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and a compound from the present study, 5F-MDMB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PINACA</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was found to activate midbrain dopamine neurons</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">but not serotonin neurons </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Asaoka </ins>et al., <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2016</ins>). <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">As previously mentioned, all of the compounds </ins>tested in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the present study </ins>(MDMB-PINACA, MDMB-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CHMICA</ins>, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">) act as agonists at CB1 receptors </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Banister et al., 2015, 2016; Gamage et al., 2018), which suggests these compounds will produce Δ9-THC</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">like effects, including abuse liability. Tremors were not observed following </ins>AMB-FUBINACA <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">during the drug discrimination study, but the maximum dose </ins>tested <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was only 0.1 mg/kg, which is 10-fold lower than the dose that produced tremors </ins>in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the mice.&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gat</ins></div></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key stadtwiki:diff::1.12:old-27869:rev-28197 --> </table>

DelorisMinifie https://www.stadtwiki-strausberg.de/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=27869&oldid=prev 2026-05-27T06:48:51Z

<p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="de"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Nächstältere Version</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Version vom 27. Mai 2026, 06:48 Uhr</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Zeile 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Zeile 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A limitation of this case report is that we did not have a urine sample available for additional NPS testing. Point-of-care DOA tests using urine to screen for misuse of multiple substances, regularly include cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine, opioids, benzodiazepines and methadone. THC, methamphetamine, SRCA, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and ketamine are likely to become volatile under the temperature of current e-cigarettes, while crack cocaine is hard to vaporise. A systematic review including data of 114 patients of which the majority was intoxicated due to SCRA smoking revealed that 45 % of the patients who present at the ER after an intoxication due to SCRA smoking recovered within 24 hours<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;A total of 2 and 3 methamphetamine treated mice fell from the spinning rod 30 min and 2 hr after the administration, respectively. After the first injection, 6 mice of the positive control group (methamphetamine, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) showed loss of traction, of which 4 showed tremor</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Most of the abnormalities were normalized in synthetic cannabinoid treated mice although those abnormal behaviors remained in methamphetamine treated animals after 2 hr of administration. Brain samples were prepared from the mice after the last administration of test substance&lt;br&gt;</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Moreover, a study conducted in the United Kingdom investigated components of e-liquids in 112 samples originating from prisoners, teenagers and test purchases of commercially available e-cigarettes taken between 2014 and 2021 . This is the first case report that describes the toxicological symptoms of vaping ADB-BUTINACA. Results of the DOA test (including testing for amphetamines, methamphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, methadone, opioids, cannabis, tricyclic antidepressants) were available within 30 minutes and were all negative. We report a case of an involuntary intoxication of the SCRA ADB-BUTINACA after vaping. There are several pitfalls in the detection of SCRA in samples taken from the patient.&lt;br&gt;Data availabili&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Synthetic </del>cannabinoids <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">have consistently been shown to produce discriminative stimulus effects similar to those cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com of </del>Δ9-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">THC </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Bannister and Connor, 2018), and MDMB-FUBINACA fully substituted for </del>Δ9-THC <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(Gamage et al.</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2018). The </del>chemical structures <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of the recent synthetic cannabinoids are unlike that of </del>Δ9-THC, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">but are largely based on the structure of older synthetic cannabinoids that are known to have substantial abuse liability </del>(<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Fig</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1</del>). <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">All 5 compounds decreased locomotor activity and produced discriminative </del>stimulus effects <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">similar </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">those of </del>Δ9-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">THC, which suggests they may have abuse liability similar to that of Δ9-THC. Subsequent testing identified 5F-ADB to have been present in a total of ten people who had died from unexplained drug overdoses in Japan between September 2014 and December 2014. AMB-FUBINACA produced tremors and may be of increased risk in human recreational users.&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gatch &lt;br&gt;Duration of the locomotor depression increased over dose from 30 min following 0.1 </del>mg/kg <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to 2.5 h following 1 mg/kg. Substantial depressant effects were observed within the first 10 min</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and maximal depression was observed between 0–30 min following administration. Tremors were observed </del>30 <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">minutes following 1 mg/kg AMB</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FUBINACA in 3 of 8 mice (data not shown). Substantial depressant effects were observed within the first 10 min, and maximal depression was observed between 10–40 </del>min <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and lasted up to 2.5 to 3 h at the highest dose tested (0.5 mg/kg</del>). <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Figure 1 shows average horizontal activity counts/10 min as a function of time (0–4 h) and dose of Δ9</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">TH&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Demographic and clinical features are recorded and blood and/or urine samples analysed using high</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">resolution accurate mass liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The authors declare that they have no </del>known <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Second, we could not cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com retrieve further detailed information about the e-cigarette that was used by the patient such </del>as <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the label or the region of origin. Whether a recreational drug can be administered via vaping, depends on whether the drug becomes volatile under the evaporation temperature of the e</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cigarette. Of these samples</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">22 contained one or more SCRAs, THC was only detected in 11 samples, only one contained cannabidiol and 6 contained a mixture of THC and cannabidiol. There is difficulty in finding the right information about the NPS, defining their potency and confirmation of their existence in e</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">liquids or urine samples.&lt;br&gt;Data availabili&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;LC</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">QTOF</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MS represents a significant advancement in the field of drug detection</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">offering higher sensitivity, specificity, and a broader spectrum of detectable substances. Despite all negative results in the point</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of-care test for recreational drugs</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analysis showed that the liquid of the e-cigarette contained </del>ADB-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">BUTINACA</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a synthetic cannabinoid. We report a 27-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency room because of sudden [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com] headache, nausea, vertigo, red eyes </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">palpitations. Synthetic cannabinoids are gaining popularity globally and detection is not commonly available.&lt;br&gt;Data availability &lt;br&gt;When clinical presentation and/or initial DOA testing results are inconclusive, additional testing with LC</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">QTOF</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MS can be valuable and is recommended. SCRAs and other NPS may not be detected by point-of-care DOA tests. In this case</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the point</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of</del>-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">care DOA urine screening was not able </del>to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">detect the synthetic cannabinoid ADB-BUTINAC</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">When clinical presentation and/or initial DOA testing results are inconclusive, additional testing with LC-QTOF-MS can be valuable and is recommended. SCRAs and other NPS may not be detected by point-of-care DOA tests. In this case, the point-of-care DOA urine screening was not able to detect the synthetic cannabinoid ADB-BUTINAC&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;High resolution mass spectrometry such as LC-QTOF-MS allows the detection and identification of a broad spectrum of recreational drugs, including new psychoactive substances. A point-of-care drugs of abuse (DOA) test was initially performed on the urine of the patient. He confirmed drinking 750 ml energy drink without any further consumption of food and using an e-cigarette from Gaziantep, Turkey 10 seconds before the onset of his first symptoms. He usually smokes a pack of cigarettes a day and sometimes smokes e-cigarettes. Combined with non-specific, transient symptoms, clinical recognition of SCRA intoxication is challenging .&lt;br&gt;Data availability &lt;br&gt;The intensity is plotted against the retention time for both chromatograms, demonstrating the [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com] presence and elution profiles of nicotine and ADB-BUTINACA in the analysed vape liquid sample. LC-QTOF-MS Chromatograms of Nicotine (Top) and ADB-BUTINACA (Bottom) in the Vape Liquid used by the patient. The LC-QTOF-MS analysis showed that the e-liquid contained nicotine and ADB-BUTINACA (Fig. 1). Because the point-of-care DOA test is generally not able to detect synthetic recreational drug substances, the liquid of the e-cigarette was thereafter screened using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) on the Waters™ Xevo G3 QTOF MS system. After eating a light meal and drinking caffeinated sports drinks at the ER, the nausea complaints of the patient were reduced and the patient was discharged hom&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;LC-QTOF-MS represents a significant advancement in the field of drug detection, offering higher sensitivity, specificity, and a broader spectrum of detectable substances. Despite all negative results in the point-of-care test for recreational drugs, the liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analysis showed that the liquid of the e-cigarette contained ADB-BUTINACA, a synthetic cannabinoid. We report a 27-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency room because of sudden cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com headache, nausea, vertigo, red eyes and palpitations. Synthetic cannabinoids are gaining popularity globally and detection is not commonly availabl&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;4. Drugs &lt;br&gt;The purpose of the present study was to assess the abuse liability of 5F-MDMB-PINACA, MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA. The findings produce an apparent paradox, since CPP and self-administration predict with high reliability the likelihood that a compound will be abused by humans, and cannabinoids are well-known to produce active drug-seeking in humans. Drug discrimination is a well-known animal model of the subjective effects of drugs and correlates well with abuse liability (Young 2009; Horton et al. 2013). Assessment of abuse liability is based on several factors, including chemical structure, pharmacological mechanism of action, and finally, subjective and reinforcing behavioral effects (FDA, 2010; Swedberg, 2013).&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gat&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</ins>A limitation of this case report is that we did not have a urine sample available for additional NPS testing. Point-of-care DOA tests using urine to screen for misuse of multiple substances, regularly include cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine, opioids, benzodiazepines and methadone. THC, methamphetamine, SRCA, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and ketamine are likely to become volatile under the temperature of current e-cigarettes, while crack cocaine is hard to vaporise. A systematic review including data of 114 patients of which the majority was intoxicated due to SCRA smoking revealed that 45 % of the patients who present at the ER after an intoxication due to SCRA smoking recovered within 24 hours .&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Data availability </ins>&lt;br&gt;Moreover, a study conducted in the United Kingdom investigated components of e-liquids in 112 samples originating from prisoners, teenagers and test purchases of commercially available e-cigarettes taken between 2014 and 2021 . This is the first case report that describes the toxicological symptoms of vaping ADB-BUTINACA. Results of the DOA test (including testing for amphetamines, methamphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, methadone, opioids, cannabis, tricyclic antidepressants) were available within 30 minutes and were all negative. We report a case of an involuntary intoxication of the SCRA ADB-BUTINACA after vaping. There are several pitfalls in the detection of SCRA in samples taken from the patient.&lt;br&gt;Data availabili&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">These synthetic </ins>cannabinoids <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">act directly at cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors as does </ins>Δ9-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">tetrahydrocannabinol </ins>(Δ9-THC<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">) found in marijuana</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">but have different </ins>chemical structures <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">unrelated to </ins>Δ9-THC, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">different metabolism, and often greater toxicity </ins>(<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Fantegrossi et al</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, 2014</ins>). <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Discriminative </ins>stimulus effects <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">were tested in rats trained </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">discriminate </ins>Δ9-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">tetrahydrocannabinol (3 </ins>mg/kg, 30-min <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">pretreatment</ins>). <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5F</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PINACA (also </ins>known as <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5F</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ADB</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">5F</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ADB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">PINACA), MDMB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CHIMICA</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MDMB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FUBINACA</ins>, ADB-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FUBINACA</ins>, and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">AMB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FUBINACA (also known as FUB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">AMB</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">MMB</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">FUBINACA) were tested for in vivo cannabinoid</ins>-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">like effects </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">assess their abuse liabilit</ins></div></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key stadtwiki:diff::1.12:old-27803:rev-27869 --> </table>

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